client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.post(path, json={})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"p": None}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/optional-str", "/model-optional-str"],
)
def test_optional_str(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.post(path, json={"p": "hello"})
    assert response.status_code == 200

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"scheme": "Other", "credentials": "foobar"}


def test_security_http_base_no_credentials():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Other"

    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={
            "name": "Foo",
            "description": "A very nice Item",
            "price": 35.4,
            "tax": 3.2,
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "foo"}


def test_get_api_route_not_decorated():
    response = client.get("/items-not-decorated/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "foo"}


def test_delete():
    response = client.request("DELETE", "/items/foo", json={"name": "Foo"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

    assert response.json() == {"username": "secret"}


def test_security_api_key_no_key():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "APIKey"


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

## Convert any Data to JSON-compatible { #convert-any-data-to-json-compatible }

To convert any data to JSON-compatible, read the docs for [Tutorial - JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

## OpenAPI Metadata - Docs { #openapi-metadata-docs }

        acceptedApiChanges.acceptedChanges = [:]
        for (String jsonText : jsonTexts) {
            def json = new Gson().fromJson(jsonText, new TypeToken<Map<String, List<AcceptedApiChange>>>() {}.type)
            Map<ApiChange, String> acceptedChanges = json.acceptedApiChanges.collectEntries { jsonChange ->
                [(jsonChange.toApiChange()): jsonChange.acceptation]
            }

{* ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[18:20] *}

/// note

请注意，在这种情况下，将从请求体获取的 `item` 是可选的。因为它的默认值为 `None`。

///

## 多个请求体参数

在上面的示例中，*路径操作*将期望一个具有 `Item` 的属性的 JSON 请求体，就像：

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "The pretender",
    "price": 42.0,
    "tax": 3.2
}
```

但是你也可以声明多个请求体参数，例如 `item` 和 `user`：

///

## Sobre "Campos de formulario" { #about-form-fields }

La manera en que los formularios HTML (`<form></form>`) envían los datos al servidor normalmente usa una codificación "especial" para esos datos, es diferente de JSON.

**FastAPI** se encargará de leer esos datos del lugar correcto en lugar de JSON.

/// note | Detalles técnicos

///

## About "Form Fields" { #about-form-fields }

The way HTML forms (`<form></form>`) sends the data to the server normally uses a "special" encoding for that data, it's different from JSON.

**FastAPI** will make sure to read that data from the right place instead of JSON.

/// note | Technical Details