For example, if the client tries to send a `tool` query parameter with a value of `plumbus`, like:

```http
https://example.com/items/?limit=10&tool=plumbus
```

They will receive an **error** response telling them that the query parameter `tool` is not allowed:

```json
{
    "detail": [
        {
            "type": "extra_forbidden",

  public val status: String

  public val code: Int
    get() {
      val statusParts = status.split(' ', limit = 3)
      require(statusParts.size >= 2) { "Unexpected status: $status" }
      return statusParts[1].toInt()
    }

  public val message: String
    get() {
      val statusParts = status.split(' ', limit = 3)
      require(statusParts.size >= 2) { "Unexpected status: $status" }
      return statusParts[2]
    }

            assertNull(leaseManager.getLease(key2));
        }
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should evict oldest leases when max limit reached")
    void testMaxLeaseEviction() throws InterruptedException {
        // Create a context with low max lease limit
        Configuration limitedConfig = mock(Configuration.class);
        CIFSContext limitedContext = mock(CIFSContext.class);

  <name>Guava ListenableFuture only</name>
  <description>
    Contains Guava's com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture class,
    without any of its other classes -- but is also available in a second
    "version" that omits the class to avoid conflicts with the copy in Guava
    itself. The idea is:

    - If users want only ListenableFuture, they depend on listenablefuture-1.0.

  int joinerWithCharacterDelimiter(int reps) {
    int dummy = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      dummy ^= JOINER_ON_CHARACTER.join(components).length();
    }
    return dummy;
  }

  /**
   * Mimics what the {@link Joiner} class does internally when no extra options like ignoring {@code
   * null} values are used.
   */
  @Benchmark
  int joinerInlined(int reps) {
    int dummy = 0;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A TimeLimiter implementation which actually does not attempt to limit time at all. This may be
 * desirable to use in some unit tests. More importantly, attempting to debug a call which is
 * time-limited would be extremely annoying, so this gives you a time-limiter you can easily swap in

{* ../../docs_src/query_param_models/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[10] *}

假设有一个客户端尝试在**查询参数**中发送一些**额外的**数据，它将会收到一个**错误**响应。

例如，如果客户端尝试发送一个值为 `plumbus` 的 `tool` 查询参数，如：

```http
https://example.com/items/?limit=10&tool=plumbus
```

他们将收到一个**错误**响应，告诉他们查询参数 `tool` 是不允许的：

```json
{
    "detail": [
        {
            "type": "extra_forbidden",
            "loc": ["query", "tool"],

   *
   * <p>Unlike {@link Integer#parseInt(String)}, this method returns {@code null} instead of
   * throwing an exception if parsing fails. Additionally, this method only accepts ASCII digits,
   * and returns {@code null} if non-ASCII digits are present in the string.
   *
   * <p>Note that strings prefixed with ASCII {@code '+'} are rejected, even though {@link
   * Integer#parseInt(String)} accepts them.
   *

import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;

/**
 * Explicitly specifies the types that should be used for dependency injection.
 * <p>
 * This annotation allows you to limit which types of a bean should be available
 * for injection. It can be used to prevent unintended automatic binding of implemented
 * interfaces or extended classes.
 * <p>
 * Example usage:
 * <pre>

 * this class rather than implement {@link ValueGraph} directly.
 *
 * <p>The methods implemented in this class should not be overridden unless the subclass admits a
 * more efficient implementation.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <V> Value parameter type
 * @since 20.0
 */
@Beta