func (m *Man) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) (err error) {
	if !tx.Statement.Changed("age") {
		return nil
	}
	return nil
}

func TestSubModel(t *testing.T) {
	man := Man{Age: 18, Name: "random-name"}
	if err := DB.Create(&man).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
	}

	if err := DB.Model(&man).Where("id = ?", man.ID).Updates(struct {
		Age int
	}{Age: 20}).Error; err != nil {

	"sync"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm/internal/lru"
)

type Stmt struct {
	*sql.Stmt
	Transaction bool
	prepared    chan struct{}
	prepareErr  error
}

func (stmt *Stmt) Error() error {
	return stmt.prepareErr
}

func (stmt *Stmt) Close() error {
	<-stmt.prepared

	if stmt.Stmt != nil {
		return stmt.Stmt.Close()
	}
	return nil
}

		return b2
	case HighwayHash256:
		hh, _ := highwayhash.New(magicHighwayHash256Key) // New will never return error since key is 256 bit
		return hh
	case HighwayHash256S:
		hh, _ := highwayhash.New(magicHighwayHash256Key) // New will never return error since key is 256 bit
		return hh
	default:
		logger.CriticalIf(GlobalContext, errors.New("Unsupported bitrot algorithm"))

// returns deploymentID from uploadID
func getDeplIDFromUpload(uploadID string) (string, error) {
	uploadBytes, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(uploadID)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("error parsing uploadID %s (%w)", uploadID, err)
	}
	slc := strings.SplitN(string(uploadBytes), ".", 2)
	if len(slc) != 2 {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("uploadID %s has incorrect format", uploadID)
	}
	return slc[0], nil

// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package store

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

// ErrBatchFull indicates that the batch is full
var ErrBatchFull = errors.New("batch is full")

const defaultCommitTimeout = 30 * time.Second

// Batch represents an ordered batch
type Batch[I any] struct {
	items  []I

		t.Fatalf("failed to parse pointer user, got error %v", err)
	}

	if customize.Table != "customize" {
		t.Errorf("Failed to customize table with TableName method")
	}
}

func TestNestedModel(t *testing.T) {
	versionUser, err := schema.Parse(&VersionUser{}, &sync.Map{}, schema.NamingStrategy{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to parse nested user, got error %v", err)
	}

	fields := []schema.Field{

// Errors returned by Scanner.
var (
	ErrTooLong         = errors.New("bufio.Scanner: token too long")
	ErrNegativeAdvance = errors.New("bufio.Scanner: SplitFunc returns negative advance count")
	ErrAdvanceTooFar   = errors.New("bufio.Scanner: SplitFunc returns advance count beyond input")
	ErrBadReadCount    = errors.New("bufio.Scanner: Read returned impossible count")
)

	if objAPI == nil {
		return errServerNotInitialized
	}

	var errs []error
	setDriveCounts := objAPI.SetDriveCounts()
	switch subSys {
	case config.APISubSys:
		apiConfig, err := api.LookupConfig(s[config.APISubSys][config.Default])
		if err != nil {
			configLogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("Invalid api configuration: %w", err))
		}

    }

    public void setWhy(String why) {
        this.why = why;
    }

    public String getError() {
        return error;
    }

    public void setError(String error) {
        this.error = error;
    }

    public boolean isError() {
        return error == null;
    }

    public String getDependencyConflictId() {
        return groupId + ":" + artifactId;
    }

- ✅ Clear exception messages

### 3. Error Handling
- ✅ Archive extractors continue on partial failures
- ✅ Processing statistics in error messages
- ✅ Specific file names in error logs

### 4. Error Messages
- ✅ Encoding information in TextExtractor errors
- ✅ File type context in MS Office errors
- ✅ Archive type in archive extractor errors

## Testing Best Practices