有个 `POST` 操作会返回一些错误。

所有*路径操作* 都需要一个`X-Token` 头。

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python
{!> ../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/main.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python
{!> ../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/main.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python
{!> ../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/main.py!}
```

////

因此，如果使用如下方式创建 Pydantic 对象 `user_in`：

```Python
user_in = UserIn(username="john", password="secret", email="******@****.***")
```

就能以如下方式调用：

```Python
user_dict = user_in.dict()
```

现在，变量 `user_dict`中的就是包含数据的**字典**（变量 `user_dict` 是字典，不是 Pydantic 模型对象）。

以如下方式调用：

```Python
print(user_dict)
```

输出的就是 Python **字典**：

```Python
{
    'username': 'john',

Ahora es el momento de usarlo con FastAPI. 🚀

Teníamos esta anotación de tipo:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

////

      - changes
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      langs: ${{ steps.show-langs.outputs.langs }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
      - name: Set up Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: "3.11"
      - name: Setup uv
        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
        with:
          version: "0.4.15"
          enable-cache: true
          cache-dependency-glob: |

Bu işlemi standart modern Python tipleriyle yapıyoruz.

Yeni bir sözdizimi yapısını, bir kütüphane özel metod veya sınıfları öğrenmeye gerek yoktur.

Hepsi sadece **Python** standartlarına dayalıdır.

Örnek olarak, `int` tanımlamak için:

```Python
item_id: int
```

ya da daha kompleks herhangi bir python modelini tanımlayabiliriz, örneğin `Item` modeli için:

```Python

# module.

# pylint: disable=g-bad-import-order
from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow  # pylint: disable=unused-import

from tensorflow.python.platform import flags  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
from tensorflow.python.platform import app  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
app.flags = flags

# These symbols appear because we import the python package which
# in turn imports from tensorflow.core and tensorflow.python. They

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/form/python-list")
def post_form_param_list(items: list = Form()):
    return items


@app.post("/form/python-set")
def post_form_param_set(items: set = Form()):
    return items


@app.post("/form/python-tuple")
def post_form_param_tuple(items: tuple = Form()):
    return items


client = TestClient(app)

  # Python 3.12 removed the module `imp` which is needed by gcloud CLI so we set
  # `CLOUDSDK_PYTHON` to Python 3.11 which is the system Python on TFCI Mac
  # VMs.
  pyenv install -s "3.11"
  if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
    pyenv local "3.11"
    export CLOUDSDK_PYTHON=$(pyenv which python3.11)
  else
    echo "Python 3.11 not found, falling back to system python"
    export CLOUDSDK_PYTHON=$(which python3)

</div>

////

## Umgebungsvariablen in Python lesen { #read-env-vars-in-python }

Sie können auch Umgebungsvariablen **außerhalb** von Python erstellen, im Terminal (oder mit jeder anderen Methode) und sie dann **in Python** lesen.

Zum Beispiel könnten Sie eine Datei `main.py` haben mit:

```Python hl_lines="3"
import os

name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World")
print(f"Hello {name} from Python")
```

/// tip | Tipp

</div>

////

## Чтение переменных окружения в python { #read-env-vars-in-python }

Так же существует возможность создания переменных окружения **вне** Python, в терминале (или любым другим способом), а затем **чтения их в Python**.

Например, у вас есть файл `main.py`:

```Python hl_lines="3"
import os

name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World")
print(f"Hello {name} from Python")
```

/// tip | Совет