final int n = (i + m & ~m) - i;
        advance(n);
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a small integer (1 byte) in NDR format.
     *
     * @param s the small integer value to encode
     */
    public void enc_ndr_small(final int s) {
        this.buf[this.index] = (byte) (s & 0xFF);
        advance(1);
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a small integer (1 byte) from NDR format.

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("encode without andx succeeds and signs when digest present")
    void testEncodeNoAndxWithSigning() throws Exception {
        DummyAndXBlock block = new DummyAndXBlock();
        TestSigningDigest digest = new TestSigningDigest();
        block.digest = digest;

        byte[] buf = new byte[256];
        int len = block.encode(buf, 0);

        assertTrue(len > 0);

     * @param machineId the machine identifier (32 bytes)
     */
    public AvSingleHost(final byte[] customData, final byte[] machineId) {
        this(encode(customData, machineId));
    }

    private static byte[] encode(final byte[] customData, final byte[] machineId) {
        final int size = 8 + 8 + 32;
        final byte[] enc = new byte[size];
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(size, enc, 0);

        setField(cmd, "newOpLockLevel", (byte) 0x01);
        setField(cmd, "timeout", 3000L);
        // arrays of one lock and one unlock range
        LockingAndXRange lock = new LockingAndXRange(false);
        lock.encode(new byte[20], 0); // initialise fields by encoding to set pid etc (though not needed)
        setField(lock, "pid", 123);
        setField(lock, "byteOffset", 100L);
        setField(lock, "lengthInBytes", 200L);

        buf.enc_ndr_small(1); /* number of items */
        buf.enc_ndr_small(0); /* reserved */
        this.binding.getUuid().encode(buf);
        buf.enc_ndr_short(this.binding.getMajor());
        buf.enc_ndr_short(this.binding.getMinor());
        DCERPC_UUID_SYNTAX_NDR.encode(buf);
        buf.enc_ndr_long(2); /* syntax version */
    }

    @Override

        buf.enc_ndr_short(0); /* context id */
        buf.enc_ndr_small(1); /* number of items */
        buf.enc_ndr_small(0); /* reserved */
        binding.uuid.encode(buf);
        buf.enc_ndr_short(binding.major);
        buf.enc_ndr_short(binding.minor);
        DCERPC_UUID_SYNTAX_NDR.encode(buf);
        buf.enc_ndr_long(2); /* syntax version */
    }

    @Override
    public void decode_out(final NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException {

     *
     * @param ts the timestamp value in Windows FILETIME format
     */
    public AvTimestamp(final long ts) {
        this(encode(ts));
    }

    /**
     * @param ts
     * @return
     */
    private static byte[] encode(final long ts) {
        final byte[] data = new byte[8];
        SMBUtil.writeInt8(ts, data, 0);
        return data;
    }

    /**

     * @see jcifs.Encodable#size()
     */
    @Override
    public int size() {
        return 24;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @see jcifs.Encodable#encode(byte[], int)
     */
    @Override
    public int encode(final byte[] dst, int dstIndex) {
        final int start = dstIndex;
        SMBUtil.writeInt8(this.offset, dst, dstIndex);
        dstIndex += 8;

        this.fileName = new String(nameBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_16LE);
        return bufferIndex - start;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @see jcifs.Encodable#encode(byte[], int)
     */
    @Override
    public int encode(final byte[] dst, int dstIndex) {
        final int start = dstIndex;
        dst[dstIndex] = (byte) (this.replaceIfExists ? 1 : 0);
        dstIndex += 8; // 7 Reserved

    /**
     * Get the operation number for this DCERPC message.
     * @return the operation number
     */
    public abstract int getOpnum();

    /**
     * Encode the input parameters for this DCERPC message.
     * @param buf the buffer to encode into
     * @throws NdrException if encoding fails
     */
    public abstract void encode_in(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException;

    /**