* and DI container integration.
 *
 * <p>Thread Safety: This class is thread-safe. Each cached entry holds its own
 * GroovyClassLoader. The cache uses Guava Cache with segment-based locking for
 * lock-free concurrent reads. Each evaluate() call creates a new Script instance
 * to ensure thread isolation of bindings.</p>
 *
 * <p>Note on class-level isolation: Compiled Script classes are cached and reused.

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Collector;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Provides static methods for working with {@link Comparator} instances. For many other helpful
 * comparator utilities, see either {@code Comparator} itself (for Java 8+), or {@code
 * com.google.common.collect.Ordering} (otherwise).
 *

import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Provides utility methods for working with character streams.
 *
 * @author Chris Nokleberg
 * @author Bin Zhu
 * @author Colin Decker
 * @since 1.0
 */
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
public final class CharStreams {

{* ../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005_py310.py hl[16] *}

### 查看文件 { #check-the-docs }

因為「路徑參數」的可用值是預先定義的，互動式文件可以很漂亮地顯示它們：

<img src="/img/tutorial/path-params/image03.png">

### 使用 Python「列舉」 { #working-with-python-enumerations }

「路徑參數」的值會是一個「列舉成員」。

#### 比較「列舉成員」 { #compare-enumeration-members }

你可以把它與你建立的列舉 `ModelName` 中的「列舉成員」比較：

{* ../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005_py310.py hl[17] *}

    /**
     * SMB command to seek within a file.
     */
    public static final byte SMB_COM_SEEK = (byte) 0x12;

    /**
     * SMB command for file locking operations.
     */
    public static final byte SMB_COM_LOCKING_ANDX = (byte) 0x24;

    /**
     * SMB command for transaction operations.
     */

    }

    /**
     * Force cleanup of all resources
     *
     * @return number of resources cleaned
     */
    public int forceCleanup() {
        log.info("Forcing cleanup of all resources");

        int cleaned = 0;
        for (ResourceHolder holder : activeResources.values()) {
            if (!holder.closed) {
                AutoCloseable resource = holder.resourceRef.get();

Create a PasswordHash instance with recommended settings - it will be used for hashing and verifying passwords.

/// tip

pwdlib also supports the bcrypt hashing algorithm but does not include legacy algorithms - for working with outdated hashes, it is recommended to use the passlib library.

    assertEquals(4, list.lastIndexOf("b"));
  }

  public void testCopyOfDefensiveCopy() {
    // Depending on JDK version, either toArray() or toArray(T[]) may be called... use this class
    // rather than mocking to ensure that one of those methods is called.
    class TestArrayList<E> extends ArrayList<E> {
      boolean toArrayCalled = false;

      @Override
      public Object[] toArray() {
        toArrayCalled = true;

   * unsigned.
   *
   * <p><b>Java 8+ users:</b> use {@link Long#toUnsignedString(long, int)} instead.
   *
   * @param x the value to convert to a string.
   * @param radix the radix to use while working with {@code x}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code radix} is not between {@link Character#MIN_RADIX}
   *     and {@link Character#MAX_RADIX}.
   */
  public static String toString(long x, int radix) {

      return false;
    }

    if (!finalizeReference(firstReference, finalizeReferentMethod)) {
      return false;
    }

    /*
     * Loop as long as we have references available so as not to waste CPU looking up the Method
     * over and over again.
     */
    while (true) {
      Reference<?> furtherReference = queue.poll();
      if (furtherReference == null) {
        return true;
      }