with patch("json.loads", side_effect=Exception):
        response = client.post("/items/", json={"test": "test2"})
        assert response.status_code == 400, response.text


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

client = TestClient(app)


def test_main():
    response = client.get("/app")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World", "root_path": "/api/v1"}


def test_openapi():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

):
    pass  # pragma: no cover


client = TestClient(app)


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/products": {

    enforce strict null checks.

 *  New: The response message is now non-null. This is the "Not Found" in the
    status line "HTTP 404 Not Found". If you are building responses
    programmatically (with `new Response.Builder()`) you must now always supply
    a message. An empty string `""` is permitted. This value was never null on
    responses returned by OkHttp itself, and it was an old mistake to permit

    client = get_client()
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
    response = client.get("/docs")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
    response = client.get("/redoc")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text


def test_root():
    client = get_client()
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200

 * Fix: Route selection shouldn't use TLS modes that we know will fail.
 * Fix: Cache SPDY responses even if the response body is closed prematurely.
 * Fix: Use strict timeouts when aborting a download.
 * Fix: Support Shoutcast HTTP responses like `ICY 200 OK`.
 * Fix: Don't unzip if there isn't a response body.
 * Fix: Don't leak gzip streams on redirects.
 * Fix: Don't do DNS lookups on invalid hosts.

def test_header_param_model(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get(
        "/items/",
        headers=[
            ("save-data", "true"),
            ("if-modified-since", "yesterday"),
            ("traceparent", "123"),
            ("x-tag", "one"),
            ("x-tag", "two"),
        ],
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "host": "testserver",

Por exemplo, você pode querer retornar uma *response* em *plain text* ao invés de um JSON para os seguintes erros:

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004_py39.py hl[3:4,9:11,25] *}

/// note | Detalhes Técnicos

Você pode usar `from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`.

     *
     * @param request the request to send
     * @param response the response object to populate
     * @param timeout the maximum time to wait for the response in milliseconds
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs during communication
     */
    public synchronized void sendrecv(final Request request, final Response response, long timeout) throws IOException {

    }


def test_query_param_model_defaults(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "limit": 100,
        "offset": 0,
        "order_by": "created_at",
        "tags": [],
    }


def test_query_param_model_invalid(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get(
        "/items/",
        params={
            "limit": 150,