assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withNullMessage() {
        // Test constructor with null message
        SearchEngineClientException exception = new SearchEngineClientException(null);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Underlying error", exception.getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withNullMessage() {
        // Test constructor with null message

        assertEquals("Top level GSA error", exception.getMessage());

        // Check first level cause
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Intermediate problem", exception.getCause().getMessage());

        // Check second level cause
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root problem", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test

        assertEquals(messageCode, exception3Params.getMessageCode());
        assertEquals(message, exception3Params.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, exception3Params.getCause());

        assertEquals(messageCode, exception2Params.getMessageCode());
        assertEquals(message, exception2Params.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception2Params.getCause());
    }

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_message_nullString() {
        // Test with null message string
        int statusCode = 500;
        String message = null;

        WebApiException exception = new WebApiException(statusCode, message);

        assertEquals(statusCode, exception.getStatusCode());
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
    }

    @Test

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().startsWith("Not Found: http://example.com/"));
        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("Parent: http://example.com/"));
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withUnicodeCharacters() {

        assertEquals(message, ex.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, ex.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle null message and/or cause without throwing")
    void testNullInputs() {
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
            SpnegoException ex1 = new SpnegoException((String) null);
            assertNotNull(ex1);
            assertNull(ex1.getMessage());
            assertNull(ex1.getCause());

        assertEquals("Error message", exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructorWithMessageAndCause() {
        final RuntimeException cause = new RuntimeException("Root cause");
        final LlmException exception = new LlmException("Error occurred", cause);
        assertEquals("Error occurred", exception.getMessage());
        assertSame(cause, exception.getCause());

        // Execute
        final SsoMessageException exception = new SsoMessageException(messageCode, message, cause);

        // Verify
        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(messageCode, exception.getMessageCode());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withMessageCodeAndMessage() {
        // Setup

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());

        // Test with empty string
        TransportException emptyException = new TransportException("");
        assertEquals("", emptyException.getMessage());

        // Test with null message