byte[] buffer = new byte[8];
            int encoded = original.encode(buffer, 0);

            assertEquals(8, encoded);

            // Decode into new instance
            FileEndOfFileInformation decoded = new FileEndOfFileInformation();
            int decodedBytes = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

            assertEquals(8, decodedBytes);

            // Verify values match

        @DisplayName("Various flag combinations encode and parse correctly")
        void testFlagCombinations(int flags) throws Exception {
            NegTokenInit init = new NegTokenInit(new ASN1ObjectIdentifier[] { OID_KRB }, flags, null, null);

            byte[] encoded = init.toByteArray();
            NegTokenInit parsed = new NegTokenInit(encoded);

            assertEquals(flags, parsed.getContextFlags());

            String encoded = permissionHelper.encode(value);
            if (encoded != null) {
                String decoded = permissionHelper.decode(encoded);
                assertNotNull("Decoded value should not be null for: " + value, decoded);
                assertEquals("Decoded value should match original: " + value + " -> " + encoded + " -> " + decoded, value, decoded);
            }
        }
    }

        decoded.decode(buf);
        assertEquals(val, decoded.value, "Decoded value should match encoded value for " + Long.toHexString(val));
    }

    /**
     * Ensure encode throws NPE when passed a null buffer.
     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Encode with null buffer throws NullPointerException")
    public void testEncodeNullBuffer() throws NdrException {
        NdrHyper hyper = new NdrHyper(5L);

import okio.ByteString.Companion.encode

/** Factory for HTTP authorization credentials. */
object Credentials {
  /** Returns an auth credential for the Basic scheme. */
  @JvmStatic @JvmOverloads
  fun basic(
    username: String,
    password: String,
    charset: Charset = ISO_8859_1,
  ): String {
    val usernameAndPassword = "$username:$password"
    val encoded = usernameAndPassword.encode(charset).base64()

                request.setAttribute(key, query);
            }
            return query;
        }).orElse(null);
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a string to URL-safe Base64 format.
     *
     * @param value the string to encode
     * @return Base64 encoded string, or empty string if value is null
     */
    public static String base64(final String value) {
        if (value == null) {

        vector.add(new DERTaggedObject(10, new DERSequence(authDataVector)));

        DERSequence sequence = new DERSequence(vector);
        byte[] encoded = new DERTaggedObject(false, BERTags.APPLICATION, 1, sequence).getEncoded();

        KerberosEncData encData = new KerberosEncData(encoded, Collections.emptyMap());

        assertEquals("TEST.REALM", encData.getUserRealm());
        assertEquals("testuser", encData.getUserPrincipalName());

    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "encode({1}) -> {2}")
    @MethodSource("encodeProvider")
    void testEncode(byte[] input, String expected) {
        // Arrange & Act
        String actual = Base64.encode(input);
        // Assert
        assertEquals(expected, actual, "Base64.encode should match expected string");
    }

    /**
     * Data provider for Base64 strings and expected decoded byte arrays.
     */

        // Test encoding/decoding
        byte[] encoded = nic.encode();
        assertNotNull(encoded);
        assertEquals(Smb2ChannelCapabilities.NETWORK_INTERFACE_INFO_SIZE, encoded.length);

        NetworkInterfaceInfo decoded = NetworkInterfaceInfo.decode(encoded, 0);
        assertEquals(nic.getInterfaceIndex(), decoded.getInterfaceIndex());
        assertEquals(nic.getLinkSpeed(), decoded.getLinkSpeed());

 * query the fragment is not sent to the webserver: it's private to the client.
 *
 * ## Encoding
 *
 * Each component must be encoded before it is embedded in the complete URL. As we saw above, the
 * string `cute #puppies` is encoded as `cute%20%23puppies` when used as a query parameter value.
 *
 * ### Percent encoding
 *