// The usual case is caught by Push, below, but be safe.
	for nesting := 0; nesting < 100; {
		tok := in.Stack.Next()
		switch tok {
		case '#':
			if !in.beginningOfLine {
				in.Error("'#' must be first item on line")
			}
			in.beginningOfLine = in.hash()
			in.text = "#"
			return '#'

		case scanner.Ident:
			// Is it a macro name?
			name := in.Stack.Text()
			macro := in.macros[name]

   */
  public static String toString(Iterator<?> iterator) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder().append('[');
    boolean first = true;
    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
      if (!first) {
        sb.append(", ");
      }
      first = false;
      sb.append(iterator.next());
    }
    return sb.append(']').toString();
  }

  /**

        // Should match first included path
        assertTrue(pattern.match("/test/path"));

        // Should match second included path
        assertTrue(pattern.match("/another/path"));

        // Should not match first excluded path
        assertFalse(pattern.match("/exclude/path"));

        // Should not match second excluded path

   * concurrent maps whose content may change while the method is running.
   *
   * <p>The serialized output consists of the number of entries, first key, first value, second key,
   * second value, and so on.
   */
  static <K extends @Nullable Object, V extends @Nullable Object> void writeMap(
      Map<K, V> map, ObjectOutputStream stream) throws IOException {

        // First create and encode
        FileBasicInfo original =
                new FileBasicInfo(TEST_CREATE_TIME, TEST_LAST_ACCESS_TIME, TEST_LAST_WRITE_TIME, TEST_CHANGE_TIME, TEST_ATTRIBUTES);

        // Create buffer with exact decode size
        byte[] tempBuffer = new byte[50];
        original.encode(tempBuffer, 0);

        // Copy only the first 36 bytes (what decode reads)

concat_lines() {
  if [ -f "$1" ]; then
    # First convert all CR to LF using tr
    tr '\r' '\n' < "$1" | \
    sed -e '/^$/d' -e 's/#.*$//' | \
    # Replace LF with NUL for xargs
    tr '\n' '\0' | \
    # Split into words and process each argument
    # Use -0 with NUL to avoid special behaviour on quotes
    xargs -n 1 -0 | \
    while read -r arg; do
      # Replace variables first
      arg=$(echo "$arg" | sed \

    }

    public void test_first_element_from_list() {
        Map<String, Object> doc = new HashMap<>();
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("first", "second", "third");
        doc.put("key", list);

        assertEquals("first", DocumentUtil.getValue(doc, "key", String.class));

        List<String> numList = Arrays.asList("123", "456", "789");
        doc.put("numKey", numList);

    void testMonotonicBehavior() throws InterruptedException {
        Instant first = MonotonicClock.now();
        Thread.sleep(10); // Small delay
        Instant second = MonotonicClock.now();
        Thread.sleep(10); // Small delay
        Instant third = MonotonicClock.now();

        assertTrue(first.isBefore(second), "Time should progress forward between measurements");

On the request path, the *outermost* middleware runs first.

On the response path, it runs last.

For example:

```Python
app.add_middleware(MiddlewareA)
app.add_middleware(MiddlewareB)
```

	return bytealg.LastIndexByte(s, c)
}

// IndexRune interprets s as a sequence of UTF-8-encoded code points.
// It returns the byte index of the first occurrence in s of the given rune.
// It returns -1 if rune is not present in s.
// If r is [utf8.RuneError], it returns the first instance of any
// invalid UTF-8 byte sequence.
func IndexRune(s []byte, r rune) int {
	const haveFastIndex = bytealg.MaxBruteForce > 0
	switch {