assertEquals(0, ndrBuffer.index);
        assertEquals(0, ndrBuffer.length);
        assertSame(ndrBuffer, ndrBuffer.deferred);
        assertSame(buffer, ndrBuffer.buf);

        // Test with a different start offset
        NdrBuffer offsetBuffer = new NdrBuffer(buffer, 10);
        assertEquals(10, offsetBuffer.start);
        assertEquals(10, offsetBuffer.index);
        assertEquals(0, offsetBuffer.length);
    }

    @Test

    }

    /**
     * Decode from byte array
     *
     * @param data source data
     * @param offset starting offset
     * @return decoded response
     */
    public static SmbDirectNegotiateResponse decode(byte[] data, int offset) {
        if (data.length - offset < 32) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid SMB Direct Negotiate Response length");
        }

     * @param offset the starting position in the array
     * @param length the number of hex digits to convert
     * @return the integer value of the hex digits
     */
    public static int hex_to_bin(final char[] arr, final int offset, final int length) {
        int value = 0;
        int ai, count;

        count = 0;
        for (ai = offset; ai < arr.length && count < length; ai++) {

    void testDecodeWithNonZeroBufferIndex() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        // Prepare test data with offset
        int offset = 10;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[34]; // 10 offset + 16 header + 8 data
        int bufferIndex = offset;

        // Set up test values
        int namedPipeState = 0x02;
        int readDataAvailable = 256;
        int numberOfMessages = 5;

    private String readString(byte[] buffer, int offset, int maxLength) {
        int length = 0;
        for (int i = offset; i < offset + maxLength && i < buffer.length; i++) {
            if (buffer[i] == 0) {
                break;
            }
            length++;
        }
        return new String(buffer, offset, length);
    }

        @Override
        public int getOffset() {
            if (offset != -1) {
                return offset;
            }

            final String value = request.getParameter("offset");
            if (StringUtil.isBlank(value)) {
                offset = 0;
            } else {
                try {
                    offset = Integer.parseInt(value);

    }

    // Helper method to read string from buffer
    private String readStringFromBuffer(byte[] buffer, int offset, int length) {
        // Simple ASCII string reading for test purposes
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = offset; i < offset + length && buffer[i] != 0; i++) {
            if (buffer[i] != 0) {
                sb.append((char) buffer[i]);
            }
        }

    }

    @Test
    public void test_specialCharactersInMessage() {
        // Test with special characters in message
        String messageWithSpecialChars = "Error: offset > 1000 && offset < 2000 | \"quotes\" 'single' \n\t tab";
        ResultOffsetExceededException exception = new ResultOffsetExceededException(messageWithSpecialChars);

        assertEquals(messageWithSpecialChars, exception.getMessage());

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle maximum offset")
        void testWriteBytesAtMaxOffset() {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1000];
            int offset = buffer.length - 4;

            int bytesWritten = echoRequest.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, offset);

            assertEquals(4, bytesWritten);
            assertEquals(4, SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, offset));
        }
    }

    @Nested

    }

    private String readNullTerminatedString(byte[] buffer, int offset) {
        int end = offset;
        while (end < buffer.length && buffer[end] != 0) {
            end++;
        }
        return new String(buffer, offset, end - offset);
    }