//
    // p4 ---> p3 ---> p2 ---> p1 ---> p0 --> super model
    //
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------

    @Test
    void testProjectInheritance() throws Exception {
        // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Check p0 value for org name
        // ----------------------------------------------------------------------

    print(f"Hey {name}!")
```

The parameter `name` is defined as `Optional[str]`, but it is **not optional**, you cannot call the function without the parameter:

```Python
say_hi()  # Oh, no, this throws an error! 😱
```

The `name` parameter is **still required** (not *optional*) because it doesn't have a default value. Still, `name` accepts `None` as the value:

```Python

public class JavaToolchainFactory implements ToolchainFactory {
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    @Override
    public ToolchainPrivate createToolchain(ToolchainModel model) throws MisconfiguredToolchainException {
        if (model == null) {
            return null;
        }

        // use DefaultJavaToolChain for compatibility with maven 3.2.3 and earlier

        writeInt4(dst, dstIndex, shareAccessHint);
        dstIndex += 4;
        
        return dstIndex - start;
    }
    
    @Override
    protected int readPayload(byte[] buffer, int offset) throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        int start = offset;
        
        // StructureSize (2 bytes)
        structureSize = readInt2(buffer, offset);
        offset += 2;
        

   * {@code view} returned by this method will be invalidated, and will throw {@code
   * IllegalStateException} if it is accessed in any way, with the following exceptions:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>{@code view.equals(view)} evaluates to {@code true} (but any other {@code equals(...)}
   *       expression involving {@code view} will throw)
   *   <li>{@code hashCode()} does not throw

      if (actualException instanceof InterruptedException) {
        return Outcome.INTERRUPT;
      } else {
        throw new AssertionError("unexpected exception", targetException);
      }
    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
      throw new AssertionError("unexpected exception", e);
    }
  }

  private void enterSatisfyGuardAndLeaveInCurrentThread() {
    monitor.enter();

   */
  public boolean isRunning() {
    return isRunning;
  }

  /**
   * Starts the stopwatch.
   *
   * @return this {@code Stopwatch} instance
   * @throws IllegalStateException if the stopwatch is already running.
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public Stopwatch start() {
    checkState(!isRunning, "This stopwatch is already running.");
    isRunning = true;

     * @param auth
     *            The NTLM password authenticator containing user credentials
     * @throws SmbException
     *             If there is an error setting up the signing digest
     */
    public SMB1SigningDigest(final SmbTransportInternal transport, final NtlmPasswordAuthenticator auth) throws SmbException {
        this.digest = Crypto.getMD5();
        try {

public class CronExpressionValidatorTest extends UnitFessTestCase {

    public CronExpressionValidator validator;

    @Override
    protected void setUp(TestInfo testInfo) throws Exception {
        super.setUp(testInfo);
        validator = new CronExpressionValidator();
    }

    @Test
    public void test_isValid_nullValue() {
        final ConstraintValidatorContext context = null;

    @Inject
    private SessionScope sessionScope;

    protected String component() {
        return "installer";
    }

    @Test
    void testArtifactInstallation() throws Exception {
        sessionScope.enter();
        try {
            sessionScope.seed(MavenSession.class, mock(MavenSession.class));