trans2QueryPathInfo = new Trans2QueryPathInformation(config, TEST_FILENAME, TEST_INFO_LEVEL);

        // Test complete wire format writing
        byte[] setupBuffer = new byte[256];
        byte[] paramBuffer = new byte[512];
        byte[] dataBuffer = new byte[256];

        int setupWritten = trans2QueryPathInfo.writeSetupWireFormat(setupBuffer, 0);

        byte[] emptyData = new byte[8];

        PACDecodingException e = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new Pac(emptyData, keys));
        // Any PACDecodingException is acceptable for this test
        assertNotNull(e.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    void testTooSmallPac() {
        // Test that PAC smaller than 8 bytes is rejected
        byte[] smallData = new byte[4];

        byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
        int written = trans2FindNext2.writeParametersWireFormat(buffer, 0);

        // Verify sid (2 bytes)
        assertEquals(TEST_SID, SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, 0));

        // Verify maxItems (2 bytes)
        assertEquals(TEST_BATCH_COUNT, SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, 2));

        // Verify informationLevel (2 bytes) - should be SMB_FILE_BOTH_DIRECTORY_INFO (0x104)

class Trans2QueryFSInformationTest {

    /** Small helper to create a byte buffer larger than the maximum expected
     *  wire format so that we can observe only the bytes written by a method.
     */
    private static byte[] newBuffer(int length) {
        // initialise with distinct pattern to detect unused trailing bytes
        byte[] buf = new byte[length];
        Arrays.fill(buf, (byte) 0xFF);
        return buf;
    }

    @Test

     *
     * @return a cryptographically secure random salt
     */
    public byte[] generatePreauthSalt() {
        byte[] salt = new byte[SALT_SIZE];
        secureRandom.nextBytes(salt);
        log.debug("Generated new preauth salt of {} bytes", salt.length);
        return salt;
    }

    /**
     * Initializes preauth integrity context for a new session.
     *

        byte[] fileId = new byte[16];
        for (int i = 0; i < fileId.length; i++)
            fileId[i] = (byte) (i + 1);

        byte[] header = buildSmb2Header();
        byte[] body = buildCreateBodyNoContexts((byte) 0x7, (byte) 0x2, 0x11223344, 1111L, 2222L, 3333L, 4444L, 123456789L, 987654321L,
                0xA5A5A5A5, fileId);
        byte[] packet = buildPacket(header, body, null, null);

                final byte[] userSessionKey = hmac.digest();

                if ((getFlags() & NTLMSSP_NEGOTIATE_KEY_EXCH) != 0) {
                    masterKey = new byte[16];
                    RANDOM.nextBytes(masterKey);

                    final byte[] exchangedKey = new byte[16];
                    final RC4 rc4 = new RC4(userSessionKey);

    }

    private byte[] createMockFileInternalInfoBuffer() {
        // Create a buffer that represents FileInternalInfo data
        // FileInternalInfo contains an 8-byte index number
        byte[] buffer = new byte[8];

        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            buffer[i] = (byte) (0xFF - i);
        }

        return buffer;
    }

    private byte[] createMockBuffer(byte infoLevel) {

        // Prepare a buffer with sample data.
        // 2 bytes for fileAttributes, 4 bytes for lastWriteTime, 4 bytes for fileSize
        byte[] buffer = new byte[20];
        // File Attributes: 0x0010 (Directory)
        buffer[0] = 0x10;
        buffer[1] = 0x00;
        // Last Write Time (UTime): A sample timestamp in milliseconds

     * @param remaining the number of bytes remaining to be written
     * @param b the data buffer containing bytes to write
     * @param off the offset in the buffer where data starts
     * @param len the number of bytes to write
     */
    public SmbComWrite(final Configuration config, final int fid, final int offset, final int remaining, final byte[] b, final int off,
            final int len) {