for (int i = off; i < off + len; i++) {
        out.write(b[i]);
      }
    } else {
      out.write(b, off, len);
    }
    out.flush(); // for coverage
  }

  // TODO(chrisn): only works if we ensure we have crossed file threshold

  public void testWriteErrorAfterClose() throws Exception {
    byte[] data = newPreFilledByteArray(100);
    FileBackedOutputStream out = new FileBackedOutputStream(50);

      for (int insertion = 0; insertion < totalInsertions; insertion++) {
        RandomHasherAction.pickAtRandom(random).performAction(random, sinksAndControl);
      }
      // We need to ensure that at least 4 bytes have been put into the hasher or else
      // Hasher#hash will throw an ISE.
      int intToPut = random.nextInt();
      for (Hasher hasher : sinksAndControl) {
        hasher.putInt(intToPut);

 *   <li>Checking if a URL has already been visited.</li>
 *   <li>Generating URL queues from a previous session's access results.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>
 * The class uses synchronization to ensure thread safety when accessing and modifying the URL queue.
 * It also checks for duplicate URLs before adding them to the queue,
 * both within the queue itself and against previously accessed URLs stored in the {@link MemoryDataHelper}.

   * garbage-collected, even if there are no more instances of FinalizableReferenceQueue itself.
   * The code in FinalizableReferenceQueue goes to considerable trouble to ensure that there are
   * no such references and the tests here check that that trouble has not been in vain.
   *
   * When we reference FinalizableReferenceQueue in this test, we are referencing a class that is

    users outside your own control), you should not use beta APIs unless you
    [repackage] them. **If your code is a library, we strongly recommend using
    the [Guava Beta Checker] to ensure that you do not use any `@Beta` APIs!**

2.  APIs without `@Beta` will remain binary-compatible for the indefinite
    future. (Previously, we sometimes removed such APIs after a deprecation

 *   <li>Events for the different listeners are dispatched concurrently.
 *   <li>All events for a given listener dispatch on the provided executor.
 *   <li>It is easy for the user to ensure that listeners are never invoked while holding locks.
 * </ul>
 *
 * The last point is subtle. Often the observable object will be managing its own internal state

    protected static final String JAVABIN = "javabin";

    /** Constant for Kryo serializer type. */
    protected static final String KRYO = "kryo";

    /** ThreadLocal container for Kryo instances to ensure thread safety. */
    protected final ThreadLocal<Kryo> kryoThreadLocal;

    /**
     * Constructs a new DataSerializer.
     * <p>
     * Initializes the ThreadLocal Kryo instances with appropriate configuration.

      assertWrapsInterruptedException(expected);
    } finally {
      interruptenator.shutdown();
      Thread.interrupted();
    }
  }

  /**
   * awaitFullGc() is not quite as reliable a way to ensure calling of a specific finalize method as
   * the more direct await* methods, but should be reliable enough in practice to avoid flakiness of
   * this test. (And if it isn't, we'd like to know about it first!)
   */

            }

            this.cachedSubject = s;
            return this.cachedSubject;
        } catch (LoginException e) {
            log.error("Failed to create login context", e);
            // Cache null to ensure consistent behavior across calls
            this.cachedSubject = null;
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *

- [Understand the KES server concepts](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/Concepts)

## Auto Encryption

Auto-Encryption is useful when MinIO administrator wants to ensure that all data stored on MinIO is encrypted at rest.

### Using `mc encrypt` (recommended)