buf.reset();

        // Prepare a new object to decode into
        NdrShort decoded = new NdrShort(0);
        decoded.decode(buf);
        assertEquals(123, decoded.value, "decoded value should equal original");
    }

    /**
     * Verify that encode invokes NdrBuffer.enc_ndr_short via a mocked
     * (spied) buffer.
     */
    @Test

  @Test
  fun testGoogleDotComEncoding() {
    val encoded = encodeQuery("google.com", TYPE_A)
    assertThat(encoded).isEqualTo("AAABAAABAAAAAAAABmdvb2dsZQNjb20AAAEAAQ")
  }

  private fun encodeQuery(
    host: String,
    type: Int,
  ): String = DnsRecordCodec.encodeQuery(host, type).base64Url().replace("=", "")

  @Test
  fun testGoogleDotComEncodingWithIPv6() {
    val encoded = encodeQuery("google.com", TYPE_AAAA)

            int pos = -1;
            while ((pos = decoded.indexOf('%', pos + 1)) >= 0) {
                if (pos + 2 < decoded.length()) {
                    String hexStr = decoded.substring(pos + 1, pos + 3);
                    char ch = (char) Integer.parseInt(hexStr, 16);
                    decoded = decoded.substring(0, pos) + ch + decoded.substring(pos + 3);
                }
            }
        }

        byte[] encoded = AvPairs.encode(pairs);

        assertNotNull(encoded, "Encoded data should not be null");
        assertEquals(4, encoded.length, "Should only have EOL (4 bytes)");
        assertEquals(AvPair.MsvAvEOL, SMBUtil.readInt2(encoded, 0), "Should be EOL");
        assertEquals(0, SMBUtil.readInt2(encoded, 2), "EOL length should be 0");
    }

    /**
     * Test round-trip encoding and decoding

    /**
     * Creates a Kerberos AP request from a token.
     *
     * @param token the Kerberos AP-REQ token
     * @param keys the Kerberos keys for decryption
     * @throws PACDecodingException if the token cannot be decoded
     */
    public KerberosApRequest(byte[] token, KerberosKey[] keys) throws PACDecodingException {
        this(parseSequence(token), keys);
    }

  val tag: Long,
  /** Encode and decode the value once tags are handled. */
  private val codec: Codec<T>,
  /** True if the default value should be used if this value is absent during decoding. */
  val isOptional: Boolean = false,
  /** The value to return if this value is absent. Undefined unless this is optional. */
  val defaultValue: T? = null,
  /** True to set the encoded or decoded value as the type hint for the current SEQUENCE. */

            String encoded = permissionHelper.encode(value);
            if (encoded != null) {
                String decoded = permissionHelper.decode(encoded);
                assertNotNull("Decoded value should not be null for: " + value, decoded);
                assertEquals("Decoded value should match original: " + value + " -> " + encoded + " -> " + decoded, value, decoded);
            }
        }
    }

     */
    public void enc_ndr_small(final int s) {
        this.buf[this.index] = (byte) (s & 0xFF);
        advance(1);
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a small integer (1 byte) from NDR format.
     *
     * @return the decoded small integer value
     */
    public int dec_ndr_small() {
        final int val = this.buf[this.index] & 0xFF;
        advance(1);
        return val;
    }

        long expectedOffset = expectedInt; // Sign extension happens here for negative values
        assertEquals(expectedOffset, response.getOffset(), "Offset should match decoded value");
        assertEquals(4, readLen, "Byte count returned should be 4");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("readParameterWordsWireFormat with a too-short buffer - throws exception")

        byte[] encoded = original.encode();
        assertEquals(Smb2ChannelCapabilities.NETWORK_INTERFACE_INFO_SIZE, encoded.length);

        NetworkInterfaceInfo decoded = NetworkInterfaceInfo.decode(encoded, 0);
        assertNotNull(decoded);
        assertEquals(original.getAddress(), decoded.getAddress());
        assertEquals(original.getLinkSpeed(), decoded.getLinkSpeed());