* `bytes`:
    * O `bytes` padrão do Python.
    * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str`.
    * O esquema gerado vai especificar que é uma `str` com o "formato" `binary`.
* `Decimal`:
    * O `Decimal` padrão do Python.
    * Em requisições e respostas será representado como um `float`.

        * 在响应中 `set` 将被转换为 `list` 。
        * 产生的模式将指定那些 `set` 的值是唯一的 (使用 JSON 模式的 `uniqueItems`)。
* `bytes`:
    * 标准的 Python `bytes`。
    * 在请求和响应中被当作 `str` 处理。
    * 生成的模式将指定这个 `str` 是 `binary` "格式"。
* `Decimal`:
    * 标准的 Python `Decimal`。
    * 在请求和响应中被当做 `float` 一样处理。
* 您可以在这里检查所有有效的pydantic数据类型: <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic data types</a>.

## 例子

        final char decimalSep = symbols.getDecimalSeparator();
        final char groupingSep = symbols.getGroupingSeparator();
        final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(20);
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
            char c = s.charAt(i);
            if (c == groupingSep) {
                continue;
            } else if (c == decimalSep) {
                c = '.';
            }

* `bytes`:
    * Standard-Python-`bytes`.
    * In Requests und Responses werden sie als `str` behandelt.
    * Das generierte Schema wird anzeigen, dass es sich um einen `str` mit `binary` „Format“ handelt.
* `Decimal`:
    * Standard-Python-`Decimal`.
    * In Requests und Responses wird es wie ein `float` behandelt.

    int decimal = 0;
    final int max = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10; // for int overflow detection
    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
      if (decimal > max) {
        return -1;
      }
      decimal *= 10;
      int digit = Character.digit(string.charAt(i), 10);
      if (digit < 0) {
        return -1;
      }
      decimal += digit;
    }
    return decimal;
  }

            """
        ),
    ] = _Unset,
    decimal_places: Annotated[
        Union[int, None],
        Doc(
            """
            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers.
            """
        ),
    ] = _Unset,
    examples: Annotated[
        Optional[List[Any]],
        Doc(
            """
            Example values for this field.

    int decimal = 0;
    final int max = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10; // for int overflow detection
    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
      if (decimal > max) {
        return -1;
      }
      decimal *= 10;
      int digit = Character.digit(string.charAt(i), 10);
      if (digit < 0) {
        return -1;
      }
      decimal += digit;
    }
    return decimal;
  }

// CastFunc represents CAST sql function
type CastFunc struct {
	Expr     *Expression `parser:" \"CAST\" \"(\" @@ "`
	CastType string      `parser:" \"AS\" @(\"BOOL\" | \"INT\" | \"INTEGER\" | \"STRING\" | \"FLOAT\" | \"DECIMAL\" | \"NUMERIC\" | \"TIMESTAMP\") \")\" "`
}

// SubstringFunc represents SUBSTRING sql function
type SubstringFunc struct {
	Expr *PrimaryTerm `parser:" \"SUBSTRING\" \"(\" @@ "`

    long rem = dividend - quotient * divisor;
    return rem - (compare(rem, divisor) >= 0 ? divisor : 0);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the unsigned {@code long} value represented by the given decimal string.
   *
   * <p><b>Java 8+ users:</b> use {@link Long#parseUnsignedLong(String)} instead.
   *
   * @throws NumberFormatException if the string does not contain a valid unsigned {@code long}
   *     value

 *
 * This matches IPv6 addresses as a hex string containing at least one colon, and possibly
 * including dots after the first colon. It matches IPv4 addresses as strings containing only
 * decimal digits and dots. This pattern matches strings like "a:.23" and "54" that are neither IP
 * addresses nor hostnames; they will be verified as IP addresses (which is a more strict
 * verification).
 */