assert state.app_shutdown is False
        assert state.router_shutdown is False
        assert state.sub_router_shutdown is False
        response = client.get("/")
        assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
        assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World"}
    assert state.app_startup is True
    assert state.router_startup is True
    assert state.sub_router_startup is True

    response = client.get(path)
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"p": None}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/optional-str", "/model-optional-str"],
)
def test_optional_str(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)
    client.cookies.set("p", "hello")
    response = client.get(path)
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"p": "hello"}

    data = response.json()
    assert data["context_b"] == "started b"
    assert data["context_a"] == "started a"
    assert data["bg"] == "not set"
    middleware_state = json.loads(response.headers["x-state"])
    assert middleware_state["context_b"] == "started b"
    assert middleware_state["context_a"] == "started a"
    assert middleware_state["bg"] == "not set"
    assert state["context_b"] == "finished b with a: started a"

    stream = io.BytesIO(b"data")
    file = UploadFile(filename="file", file=stream, size=4)
    assert await file.read() == b"data"
    assert file.size == 4
    await file.write(b" and more data!")
    assert await file.read() == b""
    assert file.size == 19
    await file.seek(0)
    assert await file.read() == b"data and more data!"

def test_encode_dict():
    pet = {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}}
    assert jsonable_encoder(pet) == {"name": "Firulais", "owner": {"name": "Foo"}}
    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={"name"}) == {"name": "Firulais"}
    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={"owner"}) == {"name": "Firulais"}
    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, include={}) == {}
    assert jsonable_encoder(pet, exclude={}) == {
        "name": "Firulais",

    response = client.get(path)
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"p": None}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/optional-list-str", "/model-optional-list-str"],
)
def test_optional_list_str(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.get(path, headers=[("p", "hello"), ("p", "world")])
    assert response.status_code == 200

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"username": "john", "password": "secret"}


def test_security_http_basic_no_credentials():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == 'Basic realm="simple"'

            "tax": 3.2,
            "tags": ["foo", "bar", "foo"],
            "image": {"url": "http://example.com/image.png", "name": "example image"},
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 123,
        "item": {
            "name": "Foo",
            "description": "A very nice Item",
            "price": 35.4,
            "tax": 3.2,

   */
  public static void assertBasic(Escaper escaper) throws IOException {
    // Escapers operate on characters: no characters, no escaping.
    Assert.assertEquals("", escaper.escape(""));
    // Assert that escapers throw null pointer exceptions.
    try {
      escaper.escape((String) null);
      Assert.fail("exception not thrown when escaping a null string");
    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
      // pass
    }
  }

  /**

   */
  public static void assertBasic(Escaper escaper) throws IOException {
    // Escapers operate on characters: no characters, no escaping.
    Assert.assertEquals("", escaper.escape(""));
    // Assert that escapers throw null pointer exceptions.
    try {
      escaper.escape((String) null);
      Assert.fail("exception not thrown when escaping a null string");
    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
      // pass
    }
  }

  /**