/// tip

This is just standard Python, it's called a "type alias", it's actually not specific to **FastAPI**.

But because **FastAPI** is based on the Python standards, including `Annotated`, you can use this trick in your code. 😎

///

Das ist schlicht Standard-Python, es wird als „Typalias“ bezeichnet und ist eigentlich nicht **FastAPI**-spezifisch.

Da **FastAPI** jedoch auf Standard-Python, einschließlich `Annotated`, basiert, können Sie diesen Trick in Ihrem Code verwenden. 😎

///

   * then the effect of the function is non-existent: we serve storedPermits at exactly the same
   * cost as fresh ones (1/QPS is the cost for each). We use this trick later.
   *
   * If we pick a function that goes /below/ that horizontal line, it means that we reduce the area
   * of the function, thus time. Thus, the RateLimiter becomes /faster/ after a period of

      sort(
          insertionOrder,
          new Comparator<V>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(V left, V right) {
              // The indexes are small enough for the subtraction trick to be safe.
              return indexOfEntryWithValue(left) - indexOfEntryWithValue(right);
            }

            int indexOfEntryWithValue(V value) {
              for (int i = 0; i < orderedEntries.size(); i++) {

     * by Kadatch and Jenkins, 2010.
     */

    Crc32cHasher() {
      super(16);
    }

    private boolean finished = false;

    /*
     * This trick allows us to avoid having separate states for "first four ints" and "all other
     * four int chunks."  The state we want after the first four bytes is
     *
     * crc0 = ~int0
     * crc1 = int1
     * crc2 = int2

    // an SSL context for an attacking webserver. It includes both these rogue certificates plus the
    // trusted good certificate above. The attack is that by including the good certificate in the
    // chain, we may trick the certificate pinner into accepting the rouge certificate.
    val compromisedIntermediateCa =
      HeldCertificate.Builder()
        .signedBy(rootCa)
        .certificateAuthority(0)
        .serialNumber(4L)

 *       </ul>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>As such, the CycleDetectingLockFactory may not be suitable for performance-critical
 * applications which involve tightly-looped or deeply-nested locking algorithms.
 *
 * @author Darick Tong
 * @since 13.0
 */
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public class CycleDetectingLockFactory {

  /**

*
* Designed and built with all the love in the world @twitter by @mdo and @fat.

---------------------------------------------------
For t_cl_generator.cc

 * Copyright (c) 2008- Patrick Collison <patrick@collison.ie>
 * Copyright (c) 2006- Facebook

---------------------------------------------------

================================================================

github.com/armon/go-metrics

And in the code, we get a `dict` with all the data sent by the client, **only the data sent by the client**, excluding any values that would be there just for being the default values. To do it we use `exclude_unset=True`. This is the main trick. 🪄

Then we use `hero_db.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)` to update the `hero_db` with the data from `hero_data`.

{* ../../docs_src/sql_databases/tutorial002_an_py310.py ln[83:93] hl[83:84,88:89] *}

```Dockerfile
CMD ["fastapi", "run", "app/main.py", "--proxy-headers", "--port", "80"]
```

#### Docker Cache

There's an important trick in this `Dockerfile`, we first copy the **file with the dependencies alone**, not the rest of the code. Let me tell you why is that.

```Dockerfile
COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
```