## Base64 vs Files { #base64-vs-files }

Consider first if you can use [Request Files](../tutorial/request-files.md) for uploading binary data and [Custom Response - FileResponse](./custom-response.md#fileresponse--fileresponse-) for sending binary data, instead of encoding it in JSON.

JSON can only contain UTF-8 encoded strings, so it can't contain raw bytes.

            byte[] largeBuffer = new byte[1000];

            // Act
            int smallEncodedSize = context.encode(smallBuffer, 0);
            int largeEncodedSize = context.encode(largeBuffer, 500);

            // Assert
            // encode() returns actual bytes written (6), not size() value (8)
            assertEquals(6, smallEncodedSize); // actual: 2 bytes count + 2*2 bytes for ciphers

    assertFailsWith<ProtocolException> {
      derReader.read("test") {}
    }.also { expected ->
      assertThat(expected.message)
        .isEqualTo("length encoded with more than 8 bytes is not supported")
    }
  }

  @Test fun `encode tag and length`() {
    val buffer = Buffer()
    val derWriter = DerWriter(buffer)

    derWriter.write("test", tagClass = DerHeader.TAG_CLASS_UNIVERSAL, tag = 30L) {

    // We've successfully read a byte.
    address[b++] = value.toByte()
  }

  // Check for too few groups. We wanted exactly four.
  return b == addressOffset + 4
}

/** Encodes an IPv6 address in canonical form according to RFC 5952. */
internal fun inet6AddressToAscii(address: ByteArray): String {
  // Go through the address looking for the longest run of 0s. Each group is 2-bytes.

    assertThat(encoding.encode(decoded.getBytes(UTF_8), offset, len)).isEqualTo(encoded);
  }

  private static void testDecodes(BaseEncoding encoding, String encoded, String decoded) {
    assertThat(encoding.canDecode(encoded)).isTrue();
    assertThat(encoding.decode(encoded)).isEqualTo(decoded.getBytes(UTF_8));
  }

  private static void testDecodesByBytes(BaseEncoding encoding, String encoded, byte[] decoded) {

        // When
        int encoded = messageBlock.encode(buffer, encodeIndex);
        int decoded = messageBlock.decode(buffer, decodeIndex);

        // Then
        assertEquals(encodeLength, encoded);
        assertEquals(decodeLength, decoded);
        verify(messageBlock).encode(buffer, encodeIndex);
        verify(messageBlock).decode(buffer, decodeIndex);
    }

- Fix panic in JSON logging format caused by missing Duration encoder ([#101158](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/101158), [@serathius](https://github.com/serathius)) [SIG API Machinery, Cluster Lifecycle and Instrumentation]

        assertEquals("test#value", DocumentUtil.encodeUrl("test#value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_encodeUrl_already_encoded() {
        assertEquals("hello", DocumentUtil.encodeUrl("hello"));
        assertEquals("hello-world", DocumentUtil.encodeUrl("hello-world"));
        assertEquals("hello_world", DocumentUtil.encodeUrl("hello_world"));

     */
    @Override
    public int size() {
        return this.len;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @see jcifs.Encodable#encode(byte[], int)
     */
    @Override
    public int encode(final byte[] dst, final int dstIndex) {
        System.arraycopy(this.bytes, this.off, dst, dstIndex, this.len);
        return this.len;
    }

pkg encoding/xml, method (*Encoder) EncodeElement(interface{}, StartElement) error
pkg encoding/xml, method (*Encoder) EncodeToken(Token) error
pkg encoding/xml, method (*Encoder) Flush() error
pkg encoding/xml, method (StartElement) End() EndElement
pkg encoding/xml, type Marshaler interface { MarshalXML }
pkg encoding/xml, type Marshaler interface, MarshalXML(*Encoder, StartElement) error