import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * A simplistic collection which implements only the bare minimum allowed by the spec, and throws
 * exceptions whenever it can.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 */
@GwtCompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public class MinimalCollection<E extends @Nullable Object> extends AbstractCollection<E> {

```Python hl_lines="14"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!}
```

## Instalando manipuladores de exceções customizados

Você pode adicionar manipuladores de exceção customizados com <a href="https://www.starlette.io/exceptions/" class="external-link" target="_blank">a mesma seção de utilidade de exceções presentes no Starlette</a>

    private int alt;


    /**
     * This is really just for {@link jcifs.netbios.UniAddress}. It does
     * not throw an {@link java.net.UnknownHostException} because this
     * is queried frequently and exceptions would be rather costly to
     * throw on a regular basis here.
     * 
     * @param host
     * @param tc
     * @return resolved name, null if not found
     */

import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status
from fastapi.security import (
    OAuth2PasswordBearer,
    OAuth2PasswordRequestForm,
    SecurityScopes,
)
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32

 * possibly run in another thread. That cause should itself be an {@code Error}; if not, use {@code
 * ExecutionException} or {@link UncheckedExecutionException}. This allows the client code to
 * continue to distinguish between exceptions and errors, even when they come from other threads.
 *
 * @author Chris Povirk
 * @since 10.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public class ExecutionError extends Error {
  /*

   * to perform more efficiently.
   *
   * <p>An escaper is expected to be able to deal with any {@code char} value, so this method should
   * not throw any exceptions.
   *
   * @param c the character to escape if necessary
   * @return the replacement characters, or {@code null} if no escaping was needed
   */
  @CheckForNull
  protected abstract char[] escape(char c);

These operate in a similar manner as [`controller-runtime`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/controller-runtime) but are *far* smaller and less abstract.

With a few exceptions, Istio controllers typically are split in two phases: construction and running.

Construction should create informers (via `kclient.New`), setup a queue (via `controllers.NewQueue`), and register event handlers on the informers.

                "alias": alias,
            }
        )
    try:
        return ModelField(**kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
    except (RuntimeError, PydanticSchemaGenerationError):
        raise fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIError(
            "Invalid args for response field! Hint: "
            f"check that {type_} is a valid Pydantic field type. "
            "If you are using a return type annotation that is not a valid Pydantic "

class WebSocketWriterTest {
  private val data = Buffer()
  private val random = Random(0)

  /**
   * Check all data as verified inside of the test. We do this in an AfterEachCallback so that
   * exceptions thrown from the test do not cause this check to fail.
   */
  @RegisterExtension
  val noDataLeftBehind =
    AfterEachCallback { context: ExtensionContext ->

   * to perform more efficiently.
   *
   * <p>An escaper is expected to be able to deal with any {@code char} value, so this method should
   * not throw any exceptions.
   *
   * @param c the character to escape if necessary
   * @return the replacement characters, or {@code null} if no escaping was needed
   */
  @CheckForNull
  protected abstract char[] escape(char c);