# 파이썬 타입 소개

파이썬은 선택적으로 "타입 힌트(type hints)"를 지원합니다.

이러한 **타입 힌트**들은 변수의 <abbr title="예를 들면: str, int, float, bool">타입</abbr>을 선언할 수 있게 해주는 특수한 구문입니다.

변수의 타입을 지정하면 에디터와 툴이 더 많은 도움을 줄 수 있게 됩니다.

이 문서는 파이썬 타입 힌트에 대한 **빠른 자습서 / 내용환기** 수준의 문서입니다. 여기서는 **FastAPI**를 쓰기 위한 최소한의 내용만을 다룹니다.

**FastAPI**는 타입 힌트에 기반을 두고 있으며, 이는 많은 장점과 이익이 있습니다.

비록 **FastAPI**를 쓰지 않는다고 하더라도, 조금이라도 알아두면 도움이 될 것입니다.

/// note | 참고

C'était l'une des premières implémentations d'un framework utilisant les type hints Python pour déclarer les paramètres
et les requêtes que j'ai vues (avant NestJS et Molten). Je l'ai trouvé plus ou moins en même temps que Hug. Mais APIStar utilisait le standard OpenAPI.

Il disposait de la validation automatique, sérialisation des données et d'une génération de schéma OpenAPI basée sur les mêmes type hints à plusieurs endroits.

func checkQuorumLocked(locks *[]string, quorum int) bool {
	count := 0
	for _, uid := range *locks {
		if isLocked(uid) {
			count++
		}
	}

	return count >= quorum
}

// releaseAll releases all locks that are marked as locked
func releaseAll(ctx context.Context, ds *Dsync, tolerance int, owner string, locks *[]string, isReadLock bool, restClnts []NetLocker, names ...string) bool {

	type (
		Level0 struct {
			ID       uint
			Value    string
			Level1ID uint
		}
		Level1 struct {
			ID         uint
			Value      string
			Level2ID   *uint
			Level2_1ID *uint
			Level0s    []Level0 `json:",omitempty"`
		}
		Level2 struct {
			ID       uint
			Level1s  []Level1
			Level3ID uint
		}
		Level2_1 struct {
			ID       uint
			Level1s  []Level1 `json:",omitempty"`

- Kube-scheduler implemented scheduling hints for the `NodeAffinity` plugin. The scheduling hints allowed the scheduler to only retry scheduling a Pod that had been previously rejected by the `NodeAffinity` plugin if a new Node or a Node update matched the Pod's node affinity. ([#122309](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/122309), [@carlory](https://github.com/carlory))

	if !regexp.MustCompile(`.*age.*=0.123457,`).MatchString(sql) {
		t.Errorf("Failed to generate sql, got %v", sql)
	}
}

func TestGroupConditions(t *testing.T) {
	type Pizza struct {
		ID   uint
		Name string
		Size string
	}
	dryRunDB := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{DryRun: true})

	stmt := dryRunDB.Where(
		DB.Where("pizza = ?", "pepperoni").Where(DB.Where("size = ?", "small").Or("size = ?", "medium")),

@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```

The `fastapi dev` server should reload automatically.

	tok = in.Stack.Next()
	if tok != '\n' {
		in.Error("unexpected token at end of #line: ", tok)
	}
	pos := src.MakePos(in.Base(), uint(in.Line())+1, 1) // +1 because #line nnn means line nnn starts on next line
	in.Stack.SetBase(src.NewLinePragmaBase(pos, file, objabi.AbsFile(objabi.WorkingDir(), file, *flags.TrimPath), uint(line), 1))
}

// #undef processing
func (in *Input) undef() {
	name := in.macroName()
	if in.macros[name] == nil {

pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) WriteString(string) (int, error)
pkg hash/maphash, type Hash struct
pkg hash/maphash, type Seed struct
pkg log, const Lmsgprefix = 64
pkg log, const Lmsgprefix ideal-int
pkg math, func FMA(float64, float64, float64) float64
pkg math/bits, func Rem(uint, uint, uint) uint
pkg math/bits, func Rem32(uint32, uint32, uint32) uint32
pkg math/bits, func Rem64(uint64, uint64, uint64) uint64

// overflows.
func Repeat(b []byte, count int) []byte {
	if count == 0 {
		return []byte{}
	}

	// Since we cannot return an error on overflow,
	// we should panic if the repeat will generate an overflow.
	// See golang.org/issue/16237.
	if count < 0 {
		panic("bytes: negative Repeat count")
	}
	hi, lo := bits.Mul(uint(len(b)), uint(count))
	if hi > 0 || lo > uint(maxInt) {