* overriding going on amongst the models being used in this test:
 * each model in the lineage is providing a value that is not present
 * anywhere else in the lineage. We are just making sure that values
 * down in the lineage are bubbling up where they should.
 *
 */
@Deprecated
class ProjectInheritanceTest extends AbstractProjectInheritanceTestCase {

When you declare a default value for non-path parameters (for now, we have only seen query parameters), then it is not required.

If you don't want to add a specific value but just make it optional, set the default as `None`.

But when you want to make a query parameter required, you can just not declare any default value:

```Python hl_lines="6-7"
{!../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

  }

  /**
   * A thread-local destination buffer to keep us from creating new buffers. The starting size is
   * 1024 characters. If we grow past this we don't put it back in the threadlocal, we just keep
   * going and grow as needed.
   */
  private static final ThreadLocal<char[]> DEST_TL =
      new ThreadLocal<char[]>() {
        @Override
        protected char[] initialValue() {

/// note | "Technical Details"

You could also use `from starlette.requests import Request`.

**FastAPI** provides it directly just as a convenience for you, the developer. But it comes directly from Starlette.

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

///

/// note

This is supported since FastAPI version `0.113.0`. 🤓

///

## Pydantic Models for Forms

You just need to declare a **Pydantic model** with the fields you want to receive as **form fields**, and then declare the parameter as `Form`:

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="9-11  15"

   * types. CharBuffer has poor performance when being written into or read out of so round tripping
   * all the bytes through the buffer takes a long time. With these specialized types we can just
   * use a char array.
   *
   * @param from the object to read from
   * @param to the object to write to
   * @return the number of characters copied
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */

import com.google.common.testing.GcFinalization;
import java.io.File;

/**
 * Android-incompatible tests for {@link FileBackedOutputStream}.
 *
 * @author Chris Nokleberg
 */
@AndroidIncompatible // Finalization probably just doesn't happen fast enough?
public class FileBackedOutputStreamAndroidIncompatibleTest extends IoTestCase {

  public void testFinalizeDeletesFile() throws Exception {
    byte[] data = newPreFilledByteArray(100);

  }

  /*
   * TODO(b/242884182): Figure out why this helps produce the same class file when we compile most
   * of common.collect a second time with the results of the first compilation on the classpath. Or
   * just back this out once we stop doing that (which we'll do after our internal GWT setup
   * changes).
   */
  @Override
  public ImmutableMap<Object, Collection<Object>> asMap() {
    return super.asMap();
  }

  }

  /*
   * TODO(b/242884182): Figure out why this helps produce the same class file when we compile most
   * of common.collect a second time with the results of the first compilation on the classpath. Or
   * just back this out once we stop doing that (which we'll do after our internal GWT setup
   * changes).
   */
  @Override
  public ImmutableMap<Object, Collection<Object>> asMap() {
    return super.asMap();
  }

 */
class OpenJSSEPlatform private constructor() : Platform() {
  private val provider: Provider = org.openjsse.net.ssl.OpenJSSE()

  // Selects TLSv1.3 so we are specific about our intended version ranges (not just 1.3)
  // and because it's a common pattern for VMs to have differences between supported and
  // defaulted versions for TLS based on what is requested.