price: float
    tax: float | None = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: str | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: int = Body()):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance}

from datetime import datetime
from typing import List, Union

from pydantic import BaseModel


class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str = "John Doe"
    signup_ts: Union[datetime, None] = None
    friends: List[int] = []


external_data = {
    "id": "123",
    "signup_ts": "2017-06-01 12:22",
    "friends": [1, "2", b"3"],
}
user = User(**external_data)
print(user)

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Literal

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    class Config:
        extra = "forbid"

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: List[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: Annotated[FilterParams, Query()]):

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


async def common_parameters(
    q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100
):
    return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
    return commons


@app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


async def common_parameters(
    q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100
):
    return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
    return commons


@app.get("/users/")

// OfflineDisk represents an unavailable disk.
var OfflineDisk StorageAPI // zero value is nil

// erasureObjects - Implements ER object layer.
type erasureObjects struct {
	setDriveCount      int
	defaultParityCount int

	setIndex  int
	poolIndex int

	// getDisks returns list of storageAPIs.
	getDisks func() []StorageAPI

	// getLockers returns list of remote and local lockers.
	getLockers func() ([]dsync.NetLocker, string)

    throwIf(OPEN_THROWS);
  }

  public boolean closed() {
    return closed;
  }

  @Override
  public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    throwIf(closed);
    throwIf(WRITE_THROWS);
    super.write(b, off, len);
  }

  @Override
  public void write(int b) throws IOException {
    throwIf(closed);
    throwIf(WRITE_THROWS);
    super.write(b);
  }

  @Override

     * returns -1 if none is available.
     * @return the current line number
     */
    int getLineNumber();

    /**
     * Return the column number where the current event ends,
     * returns -1 if none is available.
     * @return the current column number
     */
    int getColumnNumber();

    /**
     * Return the byte or character offset into the input source this location

---

Другой полезный случай - когда вы хотите чтобы ключи были другого типа данных, например, `int`.

Именно это мы сейчас и увидим здесь.

В этом случае вы принимаете `dict`, пока у него есть ключи типа `int` со значениями типа `float`:

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py!}
```