**FastAPI** 提供了和 `starlette.testclient` 一样的 `fastapi.testclient`，只是为了方便开发者。但它直接来自Starlette。

///

/// tip | 提示

除了发送请求之外，如果你还想测试时在FastAPI应用中调用 `async` 函数（例如异步数据库函数）， 可以在高级教程中看下 [Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md) 。

///

## 分离测试 { #separating-tests }

在实际应用中，你可能会把你的测试放在另一个文件里。

您的**FastAPI**应用程序也可能由一些文件/模块组成等等。

### **FastAPI** app 文件 { #fastapi-app-file }

假设你有一个像[更大的应用](bigger-applications.md)中所描述的文件结构:

```

    }

    /**
     * Tests the constructor of {@link TransTransactNamedPipeResponse}.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructor() {
        // The constructor is called in setUp(), so we just verify the result.
        assertNotNull(response, "The response object should not be null.");
    }

    /**
     * Tests the writeSetupWireFormat method.
     */
    @Test
    void testWriteSetupWireFormat() {

---
- job:
    name: "elastic+elasticsearch+pull-request+packaging-tests-unix"
    display-name: "elastic / elasticsearch - pull request packaging-tests-unix"
    description: "Testing of Elasticsearch pull requests - packaging-tests-unix"
    project-type: matrix
    node: master
    scm:
      - git:
          refspec: "+refs/pull/${ghprbPullId}/*:refs/remotes/origin/pr/${ghprbPullId}/*"
          branches:
            - "${ghprbActualCommit}"

tests tends to make them hard to debug. Whenever the functionality that is
being tested isn't intimately dependent on how Elasticsearch behaves as a
cluster, it is recommended to write unit tests or REST tests instead.

In short, most new functionality should come with unit tests, and optionally
REST tests to test integration.

==== Refactor code to make it easier to test

import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

/**
 * Test suite for jcifs.https.Handler class.
 * Tests HTTPS URL stream handler functionality with NTLM authentication support.
 */
@DisplayName("HTTPS Handler Tests")
class HandlerTest {

    private Handler handler;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {

					}
					if len(f.ops) > 0 {
						t.Errorf("test %d, expected %d more operations", i, len(f.ops))
					}
				case testClose:
					err := tw.Close()
					if !equalError(err, tf.wantErr) {
						t.Fatalf("test %d, Close() = %v, want %v", i, err, tf.wantErr)
					}
				default:
					t.Fatalf("test %d, unknown test operation: %T", i, tf)
				}
			}

			if v.file != "" {
				path := v.file

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

/**
 * Tests for the {@link PacUnicodeString} class.
 */
class PacUnicodeStringTest {

    /**
     * Tests the constructor and getter methods.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructorAndGetters() {
        // Create a new instance with some test data
        short length = 10;
        short maxLength = 20;

            testBlock.setUseUnicode(true);
            assertEquals(10, testBlock.stringWireLength("Test", 0));
            assertEquals(11, testBlock.stringWireLength("Test", 1));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Test read string length")
        void testReadStringLength() {
            byte[] buffer = "Test\0Other".getBytes();

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Size Calculation Tests")
    class SizeCalculationTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should calculate size for null ciphers")
        void testSizeWithNullCiphers() {
            EncryptionNegotiateContext context = new EncryptionNegotiateContext(mockConfig, null);

            assertEquals(4, context.size());
        }

        @Test

    then
      GORM_DIALECT=${dialect} go test -race -count=1 ./...
      if [ -d tests ]
      then
        cd tests
        GORM_DIALECT=${dialect} go test -race -count=1 ./...
        cd ..
      fi
    else
      GORM_DIALECT=${dialect} go test -race -count=1 -v ./...
      if [ -d tests ]
      then
        cd tests
        GORM_DIALECT=${dialect} go test -race -count=1 -v ./...
        cd ..
      fi