import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Tests for {@link ForwardingWrapperTester}. Live in a different package to detect reflection
 * access issues, if any.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 */
public class ForwardingWrapperTesterTest extends TestCase {

  private final ForwardingWrapperTester tester = new ForwardingWrapperTester();

  public void testGoodForwarder() {
    tester.testForwarding(

Am Ende wird ein hierarchischer Baum von Abhängigkeiten erstellt, und das **Dependency Injection** System kümmert sich darum, alle diese Abhängigkeiten (und deren Unterabhängigkeiten) für Sie aufzulösen und die Ergebnisse bei jedem Schritt einzubinden (zu injizieren).

Nehmen wir zum Beispiel an, Sie haben vier API-Endpunkte (*Pfadoperationen*):

* `/items/public/`
* `/items/private/`
* `/users/{user_id}/activate`
* `/items/pro/`

import java.util.regex.MatchResult;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Tests for {@link FreshValueGenerator}.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class FreshValueGeneratorTest extends TestCase {

  @AndroidIncompatible // problem with equality of Type objects?
  public void testFreshInstance() {
    assertFreshInstances(

contains contributions from many people at Google, as well as:

Aakar Dwivedi, Akhil Goel, Alexander Grund, Alexander Pivovarov, Andrew Goodbody, Andrey Portnoy, Aneta Kaczyńska, AnetaKaczynska, ArkadebMisra, Ashiq Imran, Ayan Moitra, Ben Barsdell, Ben Creech, Benedikt Lorch, Bhavani Subramanian, Bianca Van Schaik, Chao, Chase Riley Roberts, Connor Flanagan, David Hall, David Svantesson, David Svantesson-Yeung, dependabot[bot], Dr. Christoph Mittendorf, Dragan Mladjenovic, ekuznetsov139, Eli...

 *
 * <p>{@link #setDefault} allows subclasses to specify default values for types.
 *
 * <p>This class incurs IO because it scans the classpath and reads classpath resources.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 * @since 14.0
 */
// TODO: Switch to JUnit 4 and use @Parameterized and @BeforeClass
// Note: @Test annotations are deliberate, as some subclasses specify @RunWith(JUnit4).
@GwtIncompatible
@J2ktIncompatible

import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Utilities for working with {@link Type}.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 */
final class Types {

  /** Class#toString without the "class " and "interface " prefixes */
  private static final Joiner COMMA_JOINER = Joiner.on(", ").useForNull("null");

 * number types; reasonable default instance for other stateless types. For mutable types, a fresh
 * instance is created each time {@code get()} is called.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Ben Yu
 * @since 12.0
 */
@GwtIncompatible
@J2ktIncompatible
@NullMarked
public final class ArbitraryInstances {

  private static final Ordering<Field> BY_FIELD_NAME =
      new Ordering<Field>() {

 * target a lower API level. In the meantime, if you have support for method references you can use
 * an equivalence as a bi-predicate like this: {@code myEquivalence::equivalent}.
 *
 * @author Bob Lee
 * @author Ben Yu
 * @author Gregory Kick
 * @since 10.0 (<a href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/Compatibility">mostly
 *     source-compatible</a> since 4.0)
 */
@GwtCompatible
/*

 * class.
 *
 * @param <T> the type that owns this method or constructor.
 * @param <R> the return type of (or supertype thereof) the method or the declaring type of the
 *     constructor.
 * @author Ben Yu
 * @since 14.0 (no longer implements {@link AccessibleObject} or {@code GenericDeclaration} since
 *     31.0)
 */
public abstract class Invokable<T, R> implements AnnotatedElement, Member {

import java.util.Collections;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link Invokable}.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 */
@AndroidIncompatible // lots of failures, possibly some related to bad equals() implementations?
@NullUnmarked
public class InvokableTest extends TestCase {