from datetime import datetime

from pydantic import BaseModel


class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str = "John Doe"
    signup_ts: datetime | None = None
    friends: list[int] = []


external_data = {
    "id": "123",
    "signup_ts": "2017-06-01 12:22",
    "friends": [1, "2", b"3"],
}
user = User(**external_data)
print(user)

from typing import Annotated, Literal

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: Annotated[FilterParams, Query()]):

from typing import Literal

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py39.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note

For more details, check Starlette's documentation for <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testing WebSockets</a>.

///

## Mehrere Worker { #multiple-workers }

Sie können mehrere Worker mit der `--workers`-Befehlszeilenoption starten:

//// tab | `fastapi`

Wenn Sie den `fastapi`-Befehl verwenden:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ <font color="#4E9A06">fastapi</font> run --workers 4 <u style="text-decoration-style:solid">main.py</u>

# ボディ - 更新

## `PUT`による置換での更新

項目を更新するには<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/PUT" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPの`PUT`</a>操作を使用することができます。

`jsonable_encoder`を用いて、入力データをJSON形式で保存できるデータに変換することができます（例：NoSQLデータベース）。例えば、`datetime`を`str`に変換します。

{* ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py hl[30,31,32,33,34,35] *}

既存のデータを置き換えるべきデータを受け取るために`PUT`は使用されます。

### 置換についての注意

つまり、`PUT`を使用して以下のボディで項目`bar`を更新したい場合は:

# Test Client - `TestClient`

You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`:

```python
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
```

from dataclasses import dataclass, field

from fastapi import FastAPI


@dataclass
class Item:
    name: str
    price: float
    tags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    description: str | None = None
    tax: float | None = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/next", response_model=Item)
async def read_next_item():
    return {
        "name": "Island In The Moon",
        "price": 12.99,

from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from .utils import needs_py310


class Dep:
    def __call__(self, request: Request):
        return "test"


@needs_py310
def test_stringified_annotations():
    app = FastAPI()

    client = TestClient(app)

    @app.get("/test/")

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None

    model_config = {
        "json_schema_extra": {
            "examples": [
                {
                    "name": "Foo",
                    "description": "A very nice Item",