// TODO(cgdecker): Add CharSource.slice?
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    Reader reader = concatenated.openStream(); // no need to worry about closing
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      builder.append((char) reader.read());
    }
    assertEquals(expected, builder.toString());
  }

  static final CharSource BROKEN_READ_SOURCE = new TestCharSource("ABC", READ_THROWS);

   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public static UnsignedLong valueOf(String string, int radix) {
    return fromLongBits(UnsignedLongs.parseUnsignedLong(string, radix));
  }

  /**
   * Returns the result of adding this and {@code val}. If the result would have more than 64 bits,
   * returns the low 64 bits of the result.
   *
   * @since 14.0
   */
  public UnsignedLong plus(UnsignedLong val) {

		Bucket:          rs.Bucket,
		Object:          rs.Object,
		NumBuckets:      int64(rs.TotBuckets),
	}
	for b, st := range rs.BucketStatuses {
		if st == ResyncFailed {
			m.FailedBuckets = append(m.FailedBuckets, b)
		}
	}
	return &m
}

// save in-memory stats to disk
func (sm *siteResyncMetrics) save(ctx context.Context) {
	sTimer := time.NewTimer(siteResyncSaveInterval)
	defer sTimer.Stop()

The `str | None` (Python 3.10+) or `Union` in `Union[str, None]` (Python 3.8+) is not used by FastAPI to determine that the value is not required, it will know it's not required because it has a default value of `= None`.

But adding the type annotations will allow your editor to give you better support and detect errors.

///

## Without Pydantic

	if len(msgs) != 0 {
		assert.Equal(t, len(msgs), 1)
	}

	var fdss []int
	for _, msg := range msgs {
		fds, err := unix.ParseUnixRights(&msg)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
		fdss = append(fdss, fds...)
	}
	return m, fdss
}

func sendAck(c *net.UnixConn) {
	ack := &zdsapi.WorkloadResponse{
		Payload: &zdsapi.WorkloadResponse_Ack{
			Ack: &zdsapi.Ack{},
		},
	}

That is not the same as declaring default values like would be with:

```Python
    first_name="john", last_name="doe"
```

It's a different thing.

We are using colons (`:`), not equals (`=`).

And adding type hints normally doesn't change what happens from what would happen without them.

But now, imagine you are again in the middle of creating that function, but with type hints.

	}

	var kids []string
	for ii, jks := range jk.Keys {
		_, err := jks.DecodePublicKey()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("Failed to decode key %d: %v", ii, err)
		}
		kids = append(kids, jks.Kid)
	}
	if len(kids) != 3 {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to find the expected number of kids: 3, got %d", len(kids))
	}
}

// A.1 - Example public keys
func TestPublicKey(t *testing.T) {

     ii) additions to the Program;
  where such changes and/or additions to the Program originate from
  and are Distributed by that particular Contributor. A Contribution
  "originates" from a Contributor if it was added to the Program by
  such Contributor itself or anyone acting on such Contributor's behalf.
  Contributions do not include changes or additions to the Program that
  are not Modified Works.

	ADDW	(R5), R6              // 5a605000
	ADDW	4095(R7), R8          // 5a807fff
	ADDW	-1(R1), R2            // e3201fffff5a
	ADDW	4096(R3), R4          // e3403000015a
	ADDE	4096(R3), R4          // e34030000188
	ADDE	4096(R3)(R2*1), R4    // e34230000188
	ADDE	524288(R3)(R4*1), R5  // c0a10008000041aa4000e35a30000088
	MULLD	(R1)(R2*1), R3        // e3321000000c
	MULLW	(R3)(R4*1), R5        // 71543000

			return
		}
		creds, _ := sts.Get()

		bucketNames := []string{}

		for _, bucket := range buckets {
			log.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Bucket discovered: %s", bucket.Name))
			bucketNames = append(bucketNames, bucket.Name)
		}
		response := make(map[string]interface{})
		response["credentials"] = creds
		response["buckets"] = bucketNames
		c, err := json.MarshalIndent(response, "", "\t")
		if err != nil {