public static boolean isPowerOfTwo(long x) {
    return x > 0 & (x & (x - 1)) == 0;
  }

  /**
   * Returns 1 if {@code x < y} as unsigned longs, and 0 otherwise. Assumes that x - y fits into a
   * signed long. The implementation is branch-free, and benchmarks suggest it is measurably faster
   * than the straightforward ternary expression.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting

   * of the returned array is that of the specified array. If the collection fits in the specified
   * array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the
   * specified array and the size of the specified collection.
   *
   * <p>If the collection fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more

    // The values here look like 111...11101...010 in binary, where the initial 111...1110 takes
    // up exactly as many bits as can be represented in the significand (24 for float, 53 for
    // double). That final 0 should be rounded up to 1 because the remaining bits make that number
    // slightly nearer.
    long floatConversionTest = 0xfffffe8000000002L;
    long doubleConversionTest = 0xfffffffffffff402L;

        ace.flags = ACE.FLAGS_OBJECT_INHERIT | ACE.FLAGS_INHERITED;
        assertEquals("This folder and files", ace.getApplyToText());

        // Test with high bits set (should mask to relevant bits)
        ace.flags = 0xF0 | ACE.FLAGS_CONTAINER_INHERIT;
        assertEquals("This folder and subfolders", ace.getApplyToText());
    }

    @Test

     * This tests the underlying SMBUtil.readInt8 behavior.
     */
    @Test
    public void testGetTimestampNegative() {
        long expectedTimestamp = -1L; // Represents all bits set to 1 for an 8-byte long
        byte[] rawBytes = new byte[8];
        SMBUtil.writeInt8(expectedTimestamp, rawBytes, 0);
        AvTimestamp avTimestamp = new AvTimestamp(rawBytes);

		t.Fatalf("Creating a volume failed with %s expected to pass.", err)
	}

	// Stat to get permissions bits.
	st, err := os.Stat(path.Join(tmpPath, testCase.volName))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Stat failed with %s expected to pass.", err)
	}

	// Get umask of the bits stored.
	currentUmask := 0o777 - uint32(st.Mode().Perm())

	// Verify if umask is correct.

# Вступ до типів Python

Python підтримує додаткові "підказки типу" ("type hints") (також звані "анотаціями типу" ("type annotations")).

Ці **"type hints"** є спеціальним синтаксисом, що дозволяє оголошувати <abbr title="наприклад: str, int, float, bool">тип</abbr> змінної.

За допомогою оголошення типів для ваших змінних, редактори та інструменти можуть надати вам кращу підтримку.

        bb.getInt();

        // LinkSpeed (8 bytes) - in bits per second
        long linkSpeedBps = bb.getLong();

        // Parse sockaddr structure (starts at offset + 24)
        InetAddress addr = parseSockaddr(data, offset + 24);

        if (addr == null) {
            return null;
        }

        // Convert bits per second to Mbps for internal use

        assertNotNull(type1Token);
        assertTrue(type1Token.length > 0);

        // Decode the token to verify its properties
        Type1Message type1Message = new Type1Message(type1Token);
        // Type1Message ORs default flags with provided flags; ensure expected bits are present
        assertTrue((type1Message.getFlags() & context.ntlmsspFlags) == context.ntlmsspFlags);

}

// IsHSTSIncludeSubdomains - is HSTS 'includeSubdomains' directive enabled
func (browseCfg *Config) IsHSTSIncludeSubdomains() string {
	configLock.RLock()
	defer configLock.RUnlock()
	if browseCfg.HSTSSeconds > 0 && browseCfg.HSTSIncludeSubdomains {
		return config.EnableOn
	}
	return config.EnableOff
}

// IsHSTSPreload - is HSTS 'preload' directive enabled