client = TestClient(mod.app)
    client.headers.clear()
    return client


def test_path_operation(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}


@workdir_lock
def test_path_operation_img(client: TestClient):
    shutil.copy("./docs/en/docs/img/favicon.png", "./image.png")

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from typing_extensions import TypeAliasType


async def some_value() -> int:
    return 123


DependedValue = TypeAliasType(
    "DependedValue", Annotated[int, Depends(some_value)], type_params=()
)


def test_pep695_type_dependencies():
    app = FastAPI()

    @app.get("/")

///

/// note | Технічні деталі

Ви також можете використовувати `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

**FastAPI** надає той самий `starlette.testclient` під назвою `fastapi.testclient` просто для зручності для вас, розробника. Але він безпосередньо походить із Starlette.

///

/// tip | Порада

import importlib

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial005_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial005_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):

from typing import Annotated

import pytest
from dirty_equals import IsOneOf
from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.get("/required-str")
async def read_required_str(p: Annotated[str, Cookie()]):

from typing import Annotated

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from .utils import get_body_model_name

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.post("/required-bytes", operation_id="required_bytes")
async def read_required_bytes(p: Annotated[bytes, File()]):

from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager

import pytest
from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel


class State(BaseModel):
    app_startup: bool = False
    app_shutdown: bool = False
    router_startup: bool = False
    router_shutdown: bool = False
    sub_router_startup: bool = False

Thanks to [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/), testing **FastAPI** applications is easy and enjoyable.

It is based on [HTTPX](https://www.python-httpx.org), which in turn is designed based on Requests, so it's very familiar and intuitive.

With it, you can use [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/) directly with **FastAPI**.

## Using `TestClient` { #using-testclient }

/// info

from typing import Annotated

import pytest
from dirty_equals import IsOneOf, IsPartialDict
from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

from .utils import get_body_model_name

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.post("/required-list-str", operation_id="required_list_str")

import pytest
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse


def http_exception_handler(request, exception):
    return JSONResponse({"exception": "http-exception"})


def request_validation_exception_handler(request, exception):
    return JSONResponse({"exception": "request-validation"})