你还可以通过将默认值设置为 `None` 来将请求体参数声明为可选参数：

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="18-20"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="18-20"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="19-21"

Luego crea atributos de clase con valores fijos, que serán los valores disponibles válidos:

```Python hl_lines="1  6-9"
{!../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

/// info | Información

Las <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">Enumerations (o enums) están disponibles en Python</a> desde la versión 3.4.

///

/// tip | Consejo

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

⚖️ 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

🖼:

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="27"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!}
```

////

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="26"

## `Cookie` 임포트

먼저 `Cookie`를 임포트합니다:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="3"
{!> ../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="3"
{!> ../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="3"
{!> ../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py!}
```

      - changes
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      langs: ${{ steps.show-langs.outputs.langs }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Set up Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: "3.11"
      - name: Setup uv
        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
        with:
          version: "0.4.15"
          enable-cache: true
          cache-dependency-glob: |

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="28-33"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="30-35"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.6+

```Python hl_lines="30-35"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py!}
```

Например: `pip install python-multipart`.

///

## Импортируйте `File` и `Form`

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="3"
{!> ../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.6+

```Python hl_lines="1"

그러므로:

```Python
q: Optional[str] = Query(None)
```

...위 코드는 아래와 동일하게 매개변수를 선택적으로 만듭니다:

```Python
q: Optional[str] = None
```

하지만 명시적으로 쿼리 매개변수를 선언합니다.

/// info | "정보"

FastAPI는 다음 부분에 관심이 있습니다:

```Python
= None
```

또는:

```Python
= Query(None)
```

그리고 `None`을 사용하여 쿼라 매개변수가 필수적이지 않다는 것을 파악합니다.

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="4  78"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="4  78"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="4  79"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_an.py!}
```

```Python hl_lines="17-20  24-25"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!}
```

////

## 💉 ⏮️ 👩‍💻

🔜 👥 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 `Depends` ⏮️ 👆 `get_current_user` *➡ 🛠️*:

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="31"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="29"