#### Password hashing { #password-hashing }

"Hashing" means: converting some content (a password in this case) into a sequence of bytes (just a string) that looks like gibberish.

Whenever you pass exactly the same content (exactly the same password) you get exactly the same gibberish.

But you cannot convert from the gibberish back to the password.

##### Why use password hashing { #why-use-password-hashing }

    // Trigger any exception that the comparator would throw for the endpoints.
    /*
     * uncheckedCastNullableTToT is safe as long as the callers are careful to pass a "real" T
     * whenever they pass `true` for the matching `has*Bound` parameter.
     */
    if (hasLowerBound) {
      int unused =
          comparator.compare(

    return delegate().asMap();
  }

  @Override
  public void cleanUp() {
    delegate().cleanUp();
  }

  /**
   * A simplified version of {@link ForwardingCache} where subclasses can pass in an already
   * constructed {@link Cache} as the delegate.
   *
   * @since 10.0
   */
  public abstract static class SimpleForwardingCache<K, V> extends ForwardingCache<K, V> {

            zipExtractor.setMaxContentSize(100);
            zipExtractor.getText(in, null);
            fail();
        } catch (MaxLengthExceededException e) {
            // pass
        }
        zipExtractor.setMaxContentSize(-1);
    }

    public void test_getText_null() {
        try {
            zipExtractor.getText(null, null);
            fail();

```JSON
{
  "detail": "Item not found"
}
```

/// tip

When raising an `HTTPException`, you can pass any value that can be converted to JSON as the parameter `detail`, not only `str`.

You could pass a `dict`, a `list`, etc.

They are handled automatically by **FastAPI** and converted to JSON.

///

## Add custom headers { #add-custom-headers }

    sendRequest(client, "https://valid-isrgrootx1.letsencrypt.org/robots.txt");

    try {
      sendRequest(client, "https://google.com/robots.txt");
      if (androidMorEarlier) {
        // will pass with default CAs on N or later
        fail();
      }
    } catch (SSLHandshakeException sslhe) {
      assertTrue(androidMorEarlier);
    }
  }

    }
  }

  override fun loadForRequest(url: HttpUrl): List<Cookie> {
    val cookieHeaders =
      try {
        // The RI passes all headers. We don't have 'em, so we don't pass 'em!
        cookieHandler.get(url.toUri(), emptyMap<String, List<String>>())
      } catch (e: IOException) {
        Platform.get().log("Loading cookies failed for " + url.resolve("/...")!!, WARN, e)
        return emptyList()

     *
     * <p>This method is used when testing iterators without a known ordering. We poll the target
     * iterator's next element and pass it to the reference iterator through this method so it can
     * return the same element. This enables the assertion to pass and the reference iterator to
     * properly update its state.
     */
    void promoteToNext(E e) {
      if (nextElements.remove(e)) {

         * processes one artifact at a time and hence cannot associate the artifacts from the same project to use the
         * same version index. Allowing the caller to pass in metadata from a previous deployment allows to re-establish
         * the association between the artifacts of the same project.
         */
        for (Iterator<? extends Metadata> it = metadatas.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {

@NullUnmarked
final class TestUtil {
  static final String ERROR_ELEMENT_NOT_IN_GRAPH = "not an element of this graph";
  static final String ERROR_NODE_NOT_IN_GRAPH =
      "Should not be allowed to pass a node that is not an element of the graph.";
  static final String ERROR_ELEMENT_REMOVED = "used to generate this set";
  private static final String NODE_STRING = "Node";
  private static final String EDGE_STRING = "Edge";