# Using the Request Directly { #using-the-request-directly }

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

    builder.setHeader("cookie", "r=robot")
    assertThat(headersToList(builder)).containsExactly("Cookies: delicious", "cookie: r=robot")
  }

  @Test
  fun mockResponseSetHeaders() {
    val builder =
      MockResponse
        .Builder()
        .clearHeaders()
        .addHeader("Cookie: s=square")
        .addHeader("Cookies: delicious")

# 直接使用请求

至此，我们已经使用多种类型声明了请求的各种组件。

并从以下对象中提取数据：

* 路径参数
* 请求头
* Cookies
* 等

**FastAPI** 使用这种方式验证数据、转换数据，并自动生成 API 文档。

但有时，我们也需要直接访问 `Request` 对象。

## `Request` 对象的细节

实际上，**FastAPI** 的底层是 **Starlette**，**FastAPI** 只不过是在  **Starlette** 顶层提供了一些工具，所以能直接使用 Starlette 的  <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/requests/" class="external-link" target="_blank">`Request`</a> 对象。

Até agora você declarou as partes da requisição que você precisa utilizando os seus tipos.

Obtendo dados de:

* O path como parâmetros.
* Cabeçalhos (*Headers*).
* Cookies.
* etc.

E ao fazer isso, o **FastAPI** está validando as informações, convertendo-as e gerando documentação para a sua API automaticamente.

including `Content-Length`, `Transfer-Encoding`, `User-Agent`, `Host`, `Connection`, and `Content-Type`. It will add an `Accept-Encoding` header for transparent response compression unless the header is already present. If you’ve got cookies, OkHttp will add a `Cookie` header with them.

Some requests will have a cached response. When this cached response isn’t fresh, OkHttp can do a _conditional GET_ to download an updated response if it’s newer than what’s cached. This requires headers like...

Sie können jedoch direkt eine `JSONResponse` von Ihren *Pfadoperationen* zurückgeben.

Das kann beispielsweise nützlich sein, um benutzerdefinierte Header oder Cookies zurückzugeben.

## Eine `Response` zurückgeben { #return-a-response }

Tatsächlich können Sie jede `Response` oder jede Unterklasse davon zurückgeben.

/// tip | Tipp

Pero puedes devolver un `JSONResponse` directamente desde tus *path operations*.

Esto podría ser útil, por ejemplo, para devolver headers o cookies personalizados.

## Devolver una `Response` { #return-a-response }

De hecho, puedes devolver cualquier `Response` o cualquier subclase de ella.

/// tip | Consejo

* Chaves de API em:
    * Headers.
    * parâmetros da Query.
    * Cookies etc.

Além disso, todos os recursos de segurança do Starlette (incluindo **cookies de sessão**).

Mais vous pouvez retourner une `JSONResponse` directement à partir de vos *opérations de chemin*.

Cela peut être utile, par exemple, pour retourner des en-têtes personnalisés ou des cookies.

## Renvoyer une `Response`

En fait, vous pouvez retourner n'importe quelle `Response` ou n'importe quelle sous-classe de celle-ci.

/// note | Remarque

    implementation. This is useful in sandboxed environments like Google App
    Engine.

 *  **OkHttp now does cookies.** We've replaced `java.net.CookieHandler` with
    a new interface, `CookieJar` and added our own `Cookie` model class. This
    new cookie follows the latest RFC and supports the same cookie attributes
    as modern web browsers.

 *  **Form and Multipart bodies are now modeled.** We've replaced the opaque