schema = Schema(type=type_value)
    assert schema.type == type_value


def test_invalid_type_value() -> None:
    """Test that Schema raises ValueError for invalid type values."""
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="2 validation errors for Schema"):

        self.open = True

    def __iter__(self) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
        for item in self.data:
            if self.open:
                yield item
            else:
                raise ValueError("Session closed")


@contextmanager
def acquire_session() -> Generator[Session, None, None]:
    session = Session()
    try:
        yield session
    finally:
        session.open = False

    "isbn-9781439512982": "Isaac Asimov: The Complete Stories, Vol. 2",
}


def check_valid_id(id: str):
    if not id.startswith(("isbn-", "imdb-")):
        raise ValueError('Invalid ID format, it must start with "isbn-" or "imdb-"')
    return id


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    id: Annotated[str | None, AfterValidator(check_valid_id)] = None,
):
    if id:

    "isbn-9781439512982": "Isaac Asimov: The Complete Stories, Vol. 2",
}


def check_valid_id(id: str):
    if not id.startswith(("isbn-", "imdb-")):
        raise ValueError('Invalid ID format, it must start with "isbn-" or "imdb-"')
    return id


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    id: Annotated[Union[str, None], AfterValidator(check_valid_id)] = None,
):
    if id:

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile
from fastapi.datastructures import Default
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


def test_upload_file_invalid_pydantic_v2():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        UploadFile._validate("not a Starlette UploadFile", {})


def test_default_placeholder_equals():
    placeholder_1 = Default("a")
    placeholder_2 = Default("a")
    assert placeholder_1 == placeholder_2

    assert jsonable_encoder(item, exclude={}) == {"name": "foo", "count": 100}


def test_encode_unsupported():
    unserializable = Unserializable()
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        jsonable_encoder(unserializable)


def test_encode_custom_json_encoders_model_pydanticv2():
    from pydantic import field_serializer

    class ModelWithCustomEncoder(BaseModel):

        return await super().close()

    @classmethod
    def _validate(cls, __input_value: Any, _: Any) -> "UploadFile":
        if not isinstance(__input_value, StarletteUploadFile):
            raise ValueError(f"Expected UploadFile, received: {type(__input_value)}")
        return cast(UploadFile, __input_value)

    @classmethod
    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(

                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
            else:
                return None
        try:
            data = b64decode(param).decode("ascii")
        except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError, binascii.Error) as e:
            raise self.make_not_authenticated_error() from e
        username, separator, password = data.partition(":")
        if not separator:

            elif isinstance(values[0], list):
                resolve_files(items=values[0], files=files, config=config)
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"Unexpected value: {values}")


def on_files(files: Files, *, config: MkDocsConfig) -> Files:
    resolve_files(items=config.nav or [], files=files, config=config)
    if "logo" in config.theme:

    except Exception as e:
        errors: list[Exception] = []
        errors.append(e)
        try:
            data = vars(obj)
        except Exception as e:
            errors.append(e)
            raise ValueError(errors) from e
    return jsonable_encoder(
        data,
        include=include,
        exclude=exclude,
        by_alias=by_alias,
        exclude_unset=exclude_unset,