OutputStream encodingStream = encoding.encoding.encodingStream(target);
      encodingStream.write(encodingInputs[i & INPUTS_MASK]);
      encodingStream.close();
      tmp += target.getBuffer().length();
    }
    return tmp;
  }

  @Benchmark
  public int decodingStream(int reps) throws IOException {
    int tmp = 0;
    byte[] target = new byte[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {

        RdmaMemoryRegion region = provider.registerMemory(buffer, access);
        assertNotNull(region, "Memory region should not be null");
        assertEquals(buffer, region.getBuffer(), "Buffer should match");
        assertEquals(1024, region.getSize(), "Size should match buffer size");
        assertTrue(region.hasAccess(RdmaAccess.LOCAL_READ), "Should have local read access");

        if (minSize <= sendBufferSize) {
            RdmaMemoryRegion region = availableSendRegions.poll();
            if (region != null) {
                region.getBuffer().clear();
                return region;
            }
        }

        // Allocate new buffer
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(Math.max(minSize, sendBufferSize));

      OutputStream encodingStream = encoding.encoding.encodingStream(target);
      encodingStream.write(encodingInputs[i & INPUTS_MASK]);
      encodingStream.close();
      tmp += target.getBuffer().length();
    }
    return tmp;
  }

  @Benchmark
  public int decodingStream(int reps) throws IOException {
    int tmp = 0;
    byte[] target = new byte[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {

        boolean isDirect;
        DcerpcException de;

        if (state == 0) {
            bind();
        }

        isDirect = true;

        stub = jcifs.smb1.smb1.BufferCache.getBuffer();
        try {
            int off, tot, n;

            buf = new NdrBuffer(stub, 0);

            msg.flags = DCERPC_FIRST_FRAG | DCERPC_LAST_FRAG;
            msg.call_id = call_id++;

                        // Test allocation performance
                        long allocStart = System.nanoTime();
                        byte[] buffer = BufferCache.getBuffer();
                        long allocEnd = System.nanoTime();
                        totalAllocTime.addAndGet(allocEnd - allocStart);
                        allocations.incrementAndGet();

        lenient().when(mockContext.getBufferCache()).thenReturn(mockBufferCache);

        // Setup buffer cache to return buffers for sendrecv operations
        lenient().when(mockBufferCache.getBuffer()).thenReturn(new byte[8192]);
    }

    /**
     * Helper method to create a DcerpcPipeHandle with injected mocks
     * Uses mock to avoid constructor issues while allowing real method calls
     */

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        // Setup buffer cache mocks with lenient stubbing
        lenient().when(mockContext.getBufferCache()).thenReturn(mockBufferCache);
        lenient().when(mockBufferCache.getBuffer()).thenReturn(new byte[8192]);
        handle = new TestDcerpcHandle(mockContext, mockBinding);
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Binding Parsing Tests")
    class BindingParsingTests {

    void testGetTailSpace() {
        ndrBuffer.setIndex(100);
        assertEquals(buffer.length - 100, ndrBuffer.getTailSpace());
    }

    @Test
    void testGetBuffer() {
        assertSame(buffer, ndrBuffer.getBuffer());
    }

    @Test
    void testAlignWithValue() {
        // Align to 4-byte boundary with a fill value
        ndrBuffer.setIndex(1);
        int alignedBytes = ndrBuffer.align(4, (byte) 0xFF);

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test buffer management")
    void testBufferManagement() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        buffer[0] = 0x42;

        transaction.setBuffer(buffer);

        byte[] released = transaction.releaseBuffer();
        assertSame(buffer, released);
        assertEquals(0x42, released[0]);

        // After release, getting buffer again should return null