import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * Contains constant definitions for the six standard {@link Charset} instances, which are
 * guaranteed to be supported by all Java platform implementations.
 *

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * Contains constant definitions for the six standard {@link Charset} instances, which are
 * guaranteed to be supported by all Java platform implementations.
 *

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.US_ASCII;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_16;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_16BE;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_16LE;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

     */
    public String getCharset() {
        return charset;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the character encoding used for FTP operations.
     *
     * @param charset The character encoding to set
     */
    public void setCharset(final String charset) {
        this.charset = charset;
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *

     *
     * @param is the input stream to read from
     * @param charset the character encoding to use for reading
     * @param bufferSize the maximum number of lines to keep in the buffer (0 to disable buffering)
     * @param outputCallback optional callback function to process each line (can be null)
     */
    public InputStreamThread(final InputStream is, final Charset charset, final int bufferSize, final Consumer<String> outputCallback) {

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes;
import static java.lang.Character.MAX_SURROGATE;
import static java.lang.Character.MIN_SURROGATE;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;

/**
 * Low-level, high-performance utility methods related to the {@linkplain Charsets#UTF_8 UTF-8}
 * character encoding. UTF-8 is defined in section D92 of <a

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes;
import static java.lang.Character.MAX_SURROGATE;
import static java.lang.Character.MIN_SURROGATE;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;

/**
 * Low-level, high-performance utility methods related to the {@linkplain Charsets#UTF_8 UTF-8}
 * character encoding. UTF-8 is defined in section D92 of <a

In the next chapters, I'll give you more **concrete recipes** to deploy FastAPI applications.

But for now, let's check these important **conceptual ideas**. These concepts also apply to any other type of web API. 💡

## Security - HTTPS { #security-https }

In the [previous chapter about HTTPS](https.md) we learned about how HTTPS provides encryption for your API.

          // Mostly 3-byte UTF-8 sequences - "Asian" text
          return Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT;
        } else if (userFriendly.matches("(?i)(?:Cuneiform|rare|exotic|supplementary.*)")) {
          // Mostly 4-byte UTF-8 sequences - "rare exotic" text
          return Character.MAX_CODE_POINT;
        } else {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't decode codepoint " + userFriendly);

  /**
   * Shift Out: A control character indicating that the code combinations which follow shall be
   * interpreted as outside of the character set of the standard code table until a Shift In
   * character is reached.
   *
   * @since 8.0
   */
  public static final byte SO = 14;

  /**
   * Shift In: A control character indicating that the code combinations which follow shall be