// we called sizeIfKnown and when we started reading the file (or I guess if
            // maxCharsPerByte is wrong)
            // Fallback to an incremental approach
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(bufIndex + 32);
            builder.append(buffer, 0, bufIndex);
            buffer = null; // release for gc
            CharStreams.copy(reader, builder);

But this example is still valid and it shows how to interact with the internal components.

///

We can also use this same approach to access the request body in an exception handler.

All we need to do is handle the request inside a `try`/`except` block:

{* ../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py hl[13,15] *}

    // If we clip the safe range used during the per-character tests so it is
    // below the values of characters in surrogate pairs, this cannot occur.
    // This approach does mean that we break out of the fast path code in cases
    // where we don't strictly need to, but this situation will almost never
    // occur in practice.
    if (safeMin >= Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE) {

For example, it was clear that ideally it should be based on standard Python type hints.

Also, the best approach was to use already existing standards.

So, before even starting to code **FastAPI**, I spent several months studying the specs for OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, etc. Understanding their relationship, overlap, and differences.

without authentication, you don't need to use `mc` to generate prometheus config. You can skip reading further and move to 3.2 section.

The Prometheus endpoint in MinIO requires authentication by default. Prometheus supports a bearer token approach to authenticate prometheus scrape requests, override the default Prometheus config with the one generated using mc. To generate a Prometheus config for an alias, use [mc](https://docs.min.io/community/minio-object-store/reference/minio-mc.html#quickstart)...

However, for the vast majority of issues, we aim to empower individuals to first resolve conflicts themselves, asking for help when needed, and only after that fails to escalate further. This approach gives people more control over the outcome of their dispute. 

If you are experiencing or witnessing conflict, we ask you to use the following escalation strategy to address the conflict:

            buffer.order(java.nio.ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
            buffer.putInt((int) counter);
        } else {
            // SMB 3.0/3.0.2 CCM: Counter-based approach as per SMB3 specification
            final long counter = this.nonceCounter.incrementAndGet();
            final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(nonce);
            buffer.order(java.nio.ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);

    private SmbFile createMockSmbFile(String url, NtlmPasswordAuthentication auth) throws MalformedURLException {
        // This is complex due to the class structure. A better approach would be
        // to refactor SmbFile to be more testable (e.g., dependency injection).
        // For now, we test methods that don't require deep mocks.
        return new SmbFile(url, auth);
    }

  /**
   * Common interface for retrieving a 64-bit long from a little-endian byte array.
   *
   * <p>This abstraction allows us to use single-instruction load and put when available, or fall
   * back on the slower approach of using Longs.fromBytes(byte...).
   */
  private interface LittleEndianBytes {
    long getLongLittleEndian(byte[] array, int offset);

    void putLongLittleEndian(byte[] array, int offset, long value);

# FastAPI in Containers - Docker { #fastapi-in-containers-docker }

When deploying FastAPI applications a common approach is to build a **Linux container image**. It's normally done using <a href="https://www.docker.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Docker**</a>. You can then deploy that container image in one of a few possible ways.

Using Linux containers has several advantages including **security**, **replicability**, **simplicity**, and others.

/// tip