fails "checkDeps"

        then:
        failure.assertHasDescription("A problem occurred evaluating root project 'root'.")
        failure.assertHasCause("Must specify version for target of dependency substitution")
    }

    void "reasonable error message when attempting to create an invalid selector"() {
        settingsFile << "rootProject.name = 'root'"
        buildFile << """
            version = 1.0

        1 * details.useTarget(DefaultModuleComponentSelector.newSelector(mid, "2.0"), ComponentSelectionReasons.FORCED)
        0 * details._
    }

    def "eachDependency calls through to substitution rules"() {
        given:
        def action = Mock(Action)

        when:
        strategy.eachDependency(action)

        then:

import org.gradle.tooling.model.eclipse.EclipseProject
import org.gradle.tooling.model.idea.IdeaModuleDependency
import org.gradle.tooling.model.idea.IdeaProject

/**
 * Dependency substitution is performed for models in a composite build
 */
@TargetGradleVersion(">=3.1")
class AdHocCompositeDependencySubstitutionCrossVersionSpec extends ToolingApiSpecification implements WithOldConfigurationsSupport {

     * Until the feature 'settles' and we receive more feedback, it's internal
     *
     * @return conflict resolution
     */
    ConflictResolution getConflictResolution();

    /**
     * @return the dependency substitution rule (may aggregate multiple rules)
     */
    ImmutableActionSet<DependencySubstitutionInternal> getDependencySubstitutionRule();

    /**
     * Used by tests to validate behaviour of the 'task graph modified' state

1. Change the sources of `Number.java`
2. Run the `my-app` application, including the `my-utils` build.

```
cd my-app
gradle --include-build ../my-utils run
```

Using _dependency substitution_, the module dependencies on the util libraries are replaced by project dependencies on `my-utils`.

== Converting `my-app` to a composite build

import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.expressions.FirQualifiedAccessExpression
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.expressions.createConeSubstitutorFromTypeArguments
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.resolve.substitution.ConeSubstitutor
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.symbols.impl.FirCallableSymbol
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.types.*
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.TypeCheckerState
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.model.convertVariance

  static int collectionIteratorTesterNumIterations() {
    return 3;
  }

  // TODO: Consolidate different copies in one single place.
  static String format(String template, Object... args) {
    // start substituting the arguments into the '%s' placeholders
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(template.length() + 16 * args.length);
    int templateStart = 0;
    int i = 0;
    while (i < args.length) {

	for _, tok := range macro.tokens {
		if tok.ScanToken != scanner.Ident {
			tokens = append(tokens, tok)
			continue
		}
		substitution := actuals[tok.text]
		if substitution == nil {
			tokens = append(tokens, tok)
			continue
		}
		tokens = append(tokens, substitution...)
	}
	in.Push(NewSlice(in.Base(), in.Line(), tokens))
}

            STACKTRACE_MESSAGE,
            INFO_DEBUG,
            SCAN,
            GET_HELP
        )
    }

    void "dependency substitution rules are applied to dependency constraints"() {
        given:
        buildFile << """
            dependencies {
                conf 'org:bar:1.0'
                constraints {

        if (componentSelector instanceof UnversionedModuleComponentSelector) {
            throw new InvalidUserDataException("Must specify version for target of dependency substitution");
        }
    }