default:
		var (
			selectColumns, restricted = stmt.SelectAndOmitColumns(true, false)
			_, updateTrackTime        = stmt.Get("gorm:update_track_time")
			isZero                    bool
		)
		stmt.Settings.Delete("gorm:update_track_time")

		values = clause.Values{Columns: make([]clause.Column, 0, len(stmt.Schema.DBNames))}

		for _, db := range stmt.Schema.DBNames {

	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
		if _, ok := tx.Statement.Clauses["ON CONFLICT"]; !ok {
			tx = tx.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{UpdateAll: true})
		}
		tx = tx.callbacks.Create().Execute(tx.Set("gorm:update_track_time", true))
	case reflect.Struct:
		if err := tx.Statement.Parse(value); err == nil && tx.Statement.Schema != nil {
			for _, pf := range tx.Statement.Schema.PrimaryFields {

		{Name: "CreatedAt", DBName: "created_at", BindNames: []string{"Model", "CreatedAt"}, DataType: schema.Time},
		{Name: "UpdatedAt", DBName: "updated_at", BindNames: []string{"Model", "UpdatedAt"}, DataType: schema.Time},
		{Name: "DeletedAt", DBName: "deleted_at", BindNames: []string{"Model", "DeletedAt"}, Tag: `gorm:"index"`, DataType: schema.Time},
		{Name: "Name", DBName: "name", BindNames: []string{"Name"}, DataType: schema.String},

				},
			},
		},
	}

	DB.Create(&users)

	query := make([]string, 0)
	sess := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{Logger: Tracer{
		Logger: DB.Config.Logger,
		Test: func(ctx context.Context, begin time.Time, fc func() (sql string, rowsAffected int64), err error) {
			sql, _ := fc()
			query = append(query, sql)
		},
	}})

	var result []User
	err := sess.
		Joins("Manager").
		Preload("Manager.Tools").

		switch fieldValue.Elem().Interface().(type) {
		case time.Time:
			field.Set = func(ctx context.Context, value reflect.Value, v interface{}) error {
				switch data := v.(type) {
				case **time.Time:
					if data != nil && *data != nil {
						field.Set(ctx, value, *data)
					}
				case time.Time:
					field.ReflectValueOf(ctx, value).Set(reflect.ValueOf(v))
				case *time.Time:
					if data != nil {

		{"error not equal", errors.New("1"), errors.New("2"), false},
		{"driver.Valuer equal", ModifyAt{Time: now, Valid: true}, ModifyAt{Time: now, Valid: true}, true},
		{"driver.Valuer not equal", ModifyAt{Time: now, Valid: true}, ModifyAt{Time: now.Add(time.Second), Valid: true}, false},
		{"driver.Valuer equal (ptr to nil ptr)", (*ModifyAt)(nil), &ModifyAt{}, false},
	}
	for _, test := range assertEqualTests {

import (
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

func TestDefaultValue(t *testing.T) {
	type Harumph struct {
		gorm.Model
		Email   string    `gorm:"not null;index:,unique"`
		Name    string    `gorm:"notNull;default:foo"`
		Name2   string    `gorm:"size:233;not null;default:'foo'"`
		Name3   string    `gorm:"size:233;notNull;default:''"`
		Age     int       `gorm:"default:18"`
		Created time.Time `gorm:"default:2000-01-02"`

		}
	}

	var times []time.Time
	if err := DB.Model(User{}).Where("name like ?", "pluck-user%").Pluck("created_at", &times).Error; err != nil {
		t.Errorf("got error when pluck time: %v", err)
	}

	for idx, tv := range times {
		AssertEqual(t, tv, users[idx].CreatedAt)
	}

	var ptrtimes []*time.Time

package tests_test

import (
	"log"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
	"gorm.io/driver/sqlserver"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

var DB *gorm.DB
var (
	mysqlDSN     = "gorm:gorm@tcp(localhost:9910)/gorm?charset=utf8&parseTime=True&loc=Local"

	}

	if DB.Dialector.Name() == "sqlserver" {
		t.Skip("Skip SQL Server for this test, because it too difference with other dialects.")
	}

	date, _ := time.ParseInLocation("2006-01-02", "2021-10-18", time.Local)

	// find
	sql := DB.ToSQL(func(tx *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
		return tx.Model(&User{}).Where("id = ?", 100).Limit(10).Order("age desc").Find(&[]User{})
	})