Aynı şekilde, varsayılan değerlerini `None` olarak atayarak isteğe bağlı parametreler tanımlayabilirsiniz:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
    ```

## Імпортуйте `BaseModel` від Pydantic

Спочатку вам потрібно імпортувати `BaseModel` з `pydantic`:

=== "Python 3.8 і вище"

    ```Python hl_lines="4"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.10 і вище"

    ```Python hl_lines="2"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

## Створіть свою модель даних

    Z. B. `pip install python-multipart`.

## `File` und `Form` importieren

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="3"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="1"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert"

    !!! tip "Tipp"

Auf die gleiche Weise können Sie optionale Query-Parameter deklarieren, indem Sie deren Defaultwert auf `None` setzen:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
    ```

In diesem Fall wird der Funktionsparameter `q` optional, und standardmäßig `None` sein.

```Python hl_lines="1  18"
{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py!}
```

### `HTMLResponse`

Takes some text or bytes and returns an HTML response, as you read above.

### `PlainTextResponse`

Takes some text or bytes and returns an plain text response.

```Python hl_lines="2  7  9"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005.py!}
```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="4  8  12"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006_an_py39.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="2  7  11"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006_an.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated"

    !!! tip
        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.

    ```Python hl_lines="2  6  10"

* `limit=10`: ↩️ 👈 🔢 💲

## 📦 🔢

🎏 🌌, 👆 💪 📣 📦 🔢 🔢, ⚒ 👫 🔢 `None`:

=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
    ```

=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
    ```

👉 💼, 🔢 🔢 `q` 🔜 📦, & 🔜 `None` 🔢.

!!! check

    ```Python hl_lines="18-19  26-27"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="17-18  25-26"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert"

    !!! tip "Tipp"
        Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich.

    ```Python hl_lines="16-17  24-25"

👫 💪 **⏬** 👆 💪 👫.

**FastAPI** 🔜 ✊ 💅 🔬 👫.

## 🥇 🔗 "☑"

👆 💪 ✍ 🥇 🔗 ("☑") 💖:

=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛"

    ```Python hl_lines="8-9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!}
    ```

=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛"

    ```Python hl_lines="6-7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_py310.py!}
    ```

⚫️ 📣 📦 🔢 🔢 `q` `str`, & ⤴️ ⚫️ 📨 ⚫️.

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="13  15  22  25"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="13  15  22  25"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py39.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="14  16  23  26"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an.py!}