onConflict     = onConflictOption(db.Statement, rel.FieldSchema, defaultUpdatingColumns)
		refName        = rel.Name + "."
		values         = rValues.Interface()
	)

	for name, ok := range selectColumns {
		columnName := ""
		if strings.HasPrefix(name, refName) {
			columnName = strings.TrimPrefix(name, refName)
		}

		if columnName != "" {
			if ok {
				selects = append(selects, columnName)
			} else {

	if !regexp.MustCompile("SELECT \\* FROM \\(SELECT .name. FROM .users. WHERE name = .+ AND .users.\\..deleted_at. IS NULL\\) as u, \\(SELECT .name. FROM .pets. WHERE name = .+ AND .pets.\\..deleted_at. IS NULL\\) as p WHERE name = .+ AND name = .+ AND .u.\\..deleted_at. IS NULL").MatchString(r.Statement.SQL.String()) {
		t.Errorf("Table with escape character, got %v", r.Statement.SQL.String())
	}

//
//	// assign an email if the record is not found
//	db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Attrs(User{Email: "******@****.***"}).FirstOrInit(&user)
//	// user -> User{Name: "non_existing", Email: "******@****.***"}
//
//	// assign email regardless of if record is found
//	db.Where(User{Name: "jinzhu"}).Assign(User{Email: "******@****.***"}).FirstOrInit(&user)
//	// user -> User{Name: "jinzhu", Age: 20, Email: "******@****.***"}

					fromColumns := make([]clause.Column, 0, len(db.Statement.Schema.FieldsWithDefaultDBValue))
					for _, field := range db.Statement.Schema.FieldsWithDefaultDBValue {
						fromColumns = append(fromColumns, clause.Column{Name: field.DBName})
					}
					db.Statement.AddClause(clause.Returning{Columns: fromColumns})
				}
			}
		}

		if db.Statement.SQL.Len() == 0 {
			db.Statement.SQL.Grow(180)

	}

	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
		t.Errorf("got %s; want %s", toJSONString(got), toJSONString(want))
	}
}

func TestManyToManyPreloadWithMultiPrimaryKeys(t *testing.T) {
	if name := DB.Dialector.Name(); name == "sqlite" || name == "sqlserver" {
		t.Skip("skip sqlite, sqlserver due to it doesn't support multiple primary keys with auto increment")
	}

	type (
		Level1 struct {

		t.Fatalf("Failed to commit, got error %v", err)
	}

	if err := DB.First(&User{}, "name = ?", user.Name).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Should find saved record")
	}

	if err := DB.First(&User{}, "name = ?", user1.Name).Error; err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("Should not find rollbacked record")
	}

	if err := DB.First(&User{}, "name = ?", user2.Name).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Should find saved record")
	}
}

	if err := DB.Table("users").Where("1 = 1").Update("name", DB.Table("companies").Select("name").Where("companies.id = users.company_id")).Error; err != nil {
		t.Errorf("failed to update with sub query, got error %v", err)
	}

	DB.First(&result, user.ID)
	if result.Name != "new company name" {
		t.Errorf("name should be %v, but got %v", user.Company.Name, result.Name)
	}
}

func TestIdempotentSave(t *testing.T) {

		Bytes:    []byte("byte"),
		Num:      18,
		Strings:  StringsSlice{"a", "b", "c"},
		Structs: StructsSlice{
			{"name1", "value1"},
			{"name2", "value2"},
		},
		Role:             Role{Name: "admin"},
		ExampleStruct:    ExampleStruct{"name", "value1"},
		ExampleStructPtr: &ExampleStruct{"name", "value2"},
	}

	if err := DB.Create(&data).Error; err != nil {

		{Name: "Name3", DBName: "name3", BindNames: []string{"Name3"}, DataType: schema.String, Tag: `gorm:"<-"`, Creatable: true, Updatable: true, Readable: true},
		{Name: "Name4", DBName: "name4", BindNames: []string{"Name4"}, DataType: schema.String, Tag: `gorm:"<-:create"`, Creatable: true, Updatable: false, Readable: true},

		{Name: "UpdatedAt", DBName: "updated_at", BindNames: []string{"Model", "UpdatedAt"}, DataType: schema.Time},
		{Name: "DeletedAt", DBName: "deleted_at", BindNames: []string{"Model", "DeletedAt"}, Tag: `gorm:"index"`, DataType: schema.Time},
		{Name: "Name", DBName: "name", BindNames: []string{"Name"}, DataType: schema.String},
		{Name: "Age", DBName: "age", BindNames: []string{"Age"}, DataType: schema.Uint, Size: 64},