你也可以在直接返回`Response`时添加头部。

按照[直接返回响应](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中所述创建响应，并将头部作为附加参数传递：
```Python hl_lines="10-12"
{!../../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial001.py!}
```


!!! note "技术细节"
    你也可以使用`from starlette.responses import Response`或`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`。

    **FastAPI**提供了与`fastapi.responses`相同的`starlette.responses`，只是为了方便开发者。但是，大多数可用的响应都直接来自Starlette。

    response_class=Response,
    responses={500: {"description": "Error", "model": JsonApiError}},
)
async def a():
    pass  # pragma: no cover


@app.get("/b", responses={500: {"description": "Error", "model": Error}})
async def b():
    pass  # pragma: no cover


client = TestClient(app)


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

    assert response.content == b""


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/a": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "500": {

def test_a():
    response = client.get("/a")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == "a"


def test_b():
    response = client.get("/b")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == "b"


def test_c():
    response = client.get("/c")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == "c"

!!! note "Détails techniques"
    Vous pouvez également utiliser `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

    Pour plus de commodités, **FastAPI** fournit les objets `starlette.responses` sous forme d'un alias accessible par `fastapi.responses`. Mais la plupart des réponses disponibles proviennent directement de Starlette. Il en est de même avec l'objet `statut`.

## Documents OpenAPI et API

⚫️ 💪 ⚠, 🖼, 📨 🛃 🎚 ⚖️ 🍪.

## 📨 `Response`

👐, 👆 💪 📨 🙆 `Response` ⚖️ 🙆 🎧-🎓 ⚫️.

!!! tip
    `JSONResponse` ⚫️ 🎧-🎓 `Response`.

& 🕐❔ 👆 📨 `Response`, **FastAPI** 🔜 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 🔗.

⚫️ 🏆 🚫 🙆 💽 🛠️ ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷, ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 🗜 🎚 🙆 🆎, ♒️.

👉 🤝 👆 📚 💪. 👆 💪 📨 🙆 📊 🆎, 🔐 🙆 💽 📄 ⚖️ 🔬, ♒️.

## ⚙️ `jsonable_encoder` `Response`

    * In requests and responses will be represented as a `str` in ISO 8601 format, like: `2008-09-15T15:53:00+05:00`.
* `datetime.date`:
    * Python `datetime.date`.
    * In requests and responses will be represented as a `str` in ISO 8601 format, like: `2008-09-15`.
* `datetime.time`:
    * A Python `datetime.time`.
    * In requests and responses will be represented as a `str` in ISO 8601 format, like: `14:23:55.003`.
* `datetime.timedelta`:

def test_path_operations():
    response = client.get("/valid1")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/valid2")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/valid3")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/valid4")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text


def test_openapi_schema():

    responses={500: {"description": "Error", "model": JsonApiError}},
)
async def a():
    pass  # pragma: no cover


@app.get("/b", responses={500: {"description": "Error", "model": Error}})
async def b():
    pass  # pragma: no cover


client = TestClient(app)


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

It will:

* Return that status code in the response.
* Document it as such in the OpenAPI schema (and so, in the user interfaces):

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image01.png">

!!! note
    Some response codes (see the next section) indicate that the response does not have a body.

    FastAPI knows this, and will produce OpenAPI docs that state there is no response body.

## About HTTP status codes

!!! note