<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image10.png">

!!! note
    Notice the header `Authorization`, with a value that starts with `Bearer `.

## Advanced usage with `scopes`

OAuth2 has the notion of "scopes".

You can use them to add a specific set of permissions to a JWT token.

So, the interactive docs will have all the information from these dependencies too:

<img src="/img/tutorial/dependencies/image01.png">

## Simple usage

If you look at it, *path operation functions* are declared to be used whenever a *path* and *operation* matches, and then **FastAPI** takes care of calling the function with the correct parameters, extracting the data from the request.

In this case, it would be better to get **one extra server** and run some processes on it so that they all have **enough RAM and CPU time**.

There's also the chance that for some reason you have a **spike** of usage of your API. Maybe it went viral, or maybe some other services or bots start using it. And you might want to have extra resources to be safe in those cases.

!!! warning
    If your application relies on lifespan events, the `AsyncClient` won't trigger these events. To ensure they are triggered, use `LifespanManager` from <a href="https://github.com/florimondmanca/asgi-lifespan#usage" class="external-link" target="_blank">florimondmanca/asgi-lifespan</a>.

## Other Asynchronous Function Calls

This could be useful, for example, to expose the same API under different prefixes, e.g. `/api/v1` and `/api/latest`.

This is an advanced usage that you might not really need, but it's there in case you do.

## Include an `APIRouter` in another

* `Decimal`:
    * Standard Python `Decimal`.
    * In requests and responses, handled the same as a `float`.
* You can check all the valid pydantic data types here: <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/types/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic data types</a>.

## Example

Here's an example *path operation* with parameters using some of the above types.

=== "Python 3.10+"

=== "Pydantic v1"

    ```Python hl_lines="9-10"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03_an/config_pv1.py!}
    ```

    !!! tip

Usate da Starlette:

* <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Richiesto se vuoi usare il `TestClient`.
* <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - Richiesto se vuoi usare `FileResponse` o `StaticFiles`.
* <a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Richiesto se vuoi usare la configurazione template di default.

    Pydantic 버전 2에서 <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/model_config/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic 공식 문서: Model Config</a>에 나와 있는 것처럼 `dict`를 받는 `model_config` 어트리뷰트를 사용할 것입니다.

    `"json_schema_extra"`를 생성된 JSON 스키마에서 보여주고 싶은 별도의 데이터와 `examples`를 포함하는 `dict`으로 설정할 수 있습니다.

=== "Pydantic v1"

这部分代码很常规，您对绝大多数代码应该都比较熟悉了：

```Python hl_lines="10-14  37-54"
{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip "提示"

    `callback_url` 查询参数使用 Pydantic 的 <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/types/#urls" class="external-link" target="_blank">URL</a> 类型。

此处唯一比较新的内容是*路径操作装饰器*中的 `callbacks=invoices_callback_router.routes` 参数，下文介绍。

## 存档回调

实际的回调代码高度依赖于您自己的 API 应用。

并且可能每个应用都各不相同。