```mermaid
graph LR
    subgraph Client Node
        Client
        CZ["Ztunnel"]
    end
    subgraph Server Node
        Server
        SZ["Ztunnel"]
    end
    Client--Plain-->CZ
    CZ-."HBONE (target)".->Server
    CZ--"HBONE (actual)"-->SZ
    SZ--Plain-->Server
```

### Pooling

User connections can be multiplexed over shared HBONE connections.

    * For this to work, a **single** component (program) running on the server, listening on the **public IP address**, must have **all the HTTPS certificates** in the server.
* **After** obtaining a secure connection, the communication protocol is **still HTTP**.

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!}
```

Note que substituímos o valor padrão de `None` para `Query(default=None)`, o primeiro parâmetro de `Query` serve para o mesmo propósito: definir o valor padrão do parâmetro.

Então:

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None)
```

...Torna o parâmetro opcional, da mesma maneira que:

```Python

1. Copy the `main.py` file to the `/code` directory directly (without any `./app` directory).

2. Use `fastapi run` to serve your application in the single file `main.py`.

When you pass the file to `fastapi run` it will detect automatically that it is a single file and not part of a package and will know how to import it and serve your FastAPI app. 😎

## Deployment Concepts

  // Requests for TLS serving certificates typically request: "key encipherment", "digital signature", "server auth".
  //
  // Valid values are:
  //  "signing", "digital signature", "content commitment",
  //  "key encipherment", "key agreement", "data encipherment",
  //  "cert sign", "crl sign", "encipher only", "decipher only", "any",
  //  "server auth", "client auth",
  //  "code signing", "email protection", "s/mime",

   * {@code lexicographical(Collections.reverseOrder(comparator))} (consider how each would order
   * {@code [1]} and {@code [1, 1]}).
   */
  // Note: 90% of the time we don't add type parameters or wildcards that serve only to "tweak" the
  // desired return type. However, *nested* generics introduce a special class of problems that we
  // think tip it over into being worthwhile.

		// performed at '/' resource should be routed by the muxer,
		// the assumption is simply such that requests without a bucket
		// in a federated setup cannot be proxied, so serve them at
		// current server.
		if bucket == "" {
			h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
			return
		}

		// MakeBucket requests should be handled at current endpoint

E esses modelos estão compartilhando muitos dos dados e duplicando nomes e tipos de atributos.

Nós poderíamos fazer melhor.

Podemos declarar um modelo `UserBase` que serve como base para nossos outros modelos. E então podemos fazer subclasses desse modelo que herdam seus atributos (declarações de tipo, validação, etc.).

Toda conversão de dados, validação, documentação, etc. ainda funcionará normalmente.

  private enum LinkedListSupplier implements Supplier<List<?>> {
    INSTANCE;

    public static <V extends @Nullable Object> Supplier<List<V>> instance() {
      // Each call generates a fresh LinkedList, which can serve as a List<V> for any V.
      @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
      Supplier<List<V>> result = (Supplier) INSTANCE;
      return result;
    }

    @Override
    public List<?> get() {

import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * Static convenience methods that serve the same purpose as Java language <a
 * href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/language/assert.html">assertions</a>,
 * except that they are always enabled. These methods should be used instead of Java assertions