testConstructorParameter(ctor, nullIndex);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that {@code method} produces a {@link NullPointerException} or {@link
   * UnsupportedOperationException} when the parameter in position {@code paramIndex} is null. If
   * this parameter is marked nullable, this method does nothing.
   *
   * @param instance the instance to invoke {@code method} on, or null if {@code method} is static
   */

    return (++i == items.length) ? 0 : i;
  }

  /**
   * Inserts element at current put position, advances, and signals. Call only when occupying
   * monitor.
   */
  private void insert(E x) {
    items[putIndex] = x;
    putIndex = inc(putIndex);
    ++count;
  }

  /**
   * Extracts element at current take position, advances, and signals. Call only when occupying
   * monitor.
   */
  private E extract() {

    doTestSet(e3());
  }

  private void doTestSet(E newValue) {
    int index = aValidIndex();
    E initialValue = getList().get(index);
    assertEquals(
        "set(i, x) should return the old element at position i.",
        initialValue,
        getList().set(index, newValue));
    assertEquals("After set(i, x), get(i) should return x", newValue, getList().get(index));

   * @param errorMessageTemplate a template for the exception message should the check fail. The
   *     message is formed by replacing each {@code %s} placeholder in the template with an
   *     argument. These are matched by position - the first {@code %s} gets {@code
   *     errorMessageArgs[0]}, etc. Unmatched arguments will be appended to the formatted message in
   *     square braces. Unmatched placeholders will be left as-is.

      if (byte1 < (byte) 0xE0) {
        // Two-byte form.
        if (index == end) {
          return false;
        }
        // Simultaneously check for illegal trailing-byte in leading position
        // and overlong 2-byte form.
        if (byte1 < (byte) 0xC2 || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF) {
          return false;
        }
      } else if (byte1 < (byte) 0xF0) {
        // Three-byte form.

    return indexIn(sequence, 0);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the index of the first matching BMP character in a character sequence, starting from a
   * given position, or {@code -1} if no character matches after that position.
   *
   * <p>The default implementation iterates over the sequence in forward order, beginning at {@code
   * start}, calling {@link #matches} for each character.
   *

    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
      if (array[i] == target) {
        return i;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the start position of the first occurrence of the specified {@code target} within
   * {@code array}, or {@code -1} if there is no such occurrence.
   *

    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
      if (array[i] == target) {
        return i;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the start position of the first occurrence of the specified {@code target} within
   * {@code array}, or {@code -1} if there is no such occurrence.
   *

   * successful input futures. The list of results is in the same order as the input list, and if
   * any of the provided futures fails or is canceled, its corresponding position will contain
   * {@code null} (which is indistinguishable from the future having a successful value of {@code
   * null}).
   *
   * <p>The list of results is in the same order as the input list.
   *

    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
      if (array[i] == target) {
        return i;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the start position of the first occurrence of the specified {@code target} within
   * {@code array}, or {@code -1} if there is no such occurrence.
   *