* the least significant bit zero is chosen. (In such cases, both of the nearest representable
   * values are even integers; this method returns the one that is a multiple of a greater power of
   * two.)
   *
   * @throws ArithmeticException if {@code mode} is {@link RoundingMode#UNNECESSARY} and {@code x}
   *     is not precisely representable as a {@code double}
   * @since 30.0
   */

@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
public class IntMathTest extends TestCase {
  public void testMaxSignedPowerOfTwo() {
    assertTrue(IntMath.isPowerOfTwo(IntMath.MAX_SIGNED_POWER_OF_TWO));

    // Extra work required to make GWT happy.
    long value = IntMath.MAX_SIGNED_POWER_OF_TWO * 2L;
    assertFalse(IntMath.isPowerOfTwo((int) value));
  }

  public void testCeilingPowerOfTwo() {
    for (int x : POSITIVE_INTEGER_CANDIDATES) {

    Keep in mind that dataclasses can't do everything Pydantic models can do.

    So, you might still need to use Pydantic models.

    But if you have a bunch of dataclasses laying around, this is a nice trick to use them to power a web API using FastAPI. 🤓

## Dataclasses in `response_model`

You can also use `dataclasses` in the `response_model` parameter:

```Python hl_lines="1  7-13  19"
{!../../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial002.py!}

public class LongMathTest extends TestCase {
  @SuppressWarnings("ConstantOverflow")
  public void testMaxSignedPowerOfTwo() {
    assertTrue(LongMath.isPowerOfTwo(LongMath.MAX_SIGNED_POWER_OF_TWO));
    assertFalse(LongMath.isPowerOfTwo(LongMath.MAX_SIGNED_POWER_OF_TWO * 2));
  }

  public void testCeilingPowerOfTwo() {
    for (long x : POSITIVE_LONG_CANDIDATES) {

   * is merely copied. Only as the power set is iterated are the individual subsets created, and
   * these subsets themselves occupy only a small constant amount of memory.
   *
   * @param set the set of elements to construct a power set from
   * @return the power set, as an immutable set of immutable sets

@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
abstract class Striped64 extends Number {
  /*
   * This class maintains a lazily-initialized table of atomically
   * updated variables, plus an extra "base" field. The table size
   * is a power of two. Indexing uses masked per-thread hash codes.
   * Nearly all declarations in this class are package-private,
   * accessed directly by subclasses.
   *
   * Table entries are of class Cell; a variant of AtomicLong padded

        a full-time Guava team member. [Feedback](https://stackoverflow.com/a/4543114) from our
        users indicates that they really appreciate Guava's high power-to-weight ratio. It's
        important to us to keep Guava as easy to use and understand as we can. That means boiling
        features down to compact but powerful abstractions, and controlling feature bloat carefully.

  static AtomicLong requests = new AtomicLong(0);
  static AtomicLong misses = new AtomicLong(0);

  @BeforeExperiment
  void setUp() {
    // random integers will be generated in this range, then raised to the
    // power of (1/concentration) and floor()ed
    max = Ints.checkedCast((long) Math.pow(distinctKeys, concentration));

    cache =
        CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .concurrencyLevel(segments)

@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
public class IntMathTest extends TestCase {
  public void testMaxSignedPowerOfTwo() {
    assertTrue(IntMath.isPowerOfTwo(IntMath.MAX_SIGNED_POWER_OF_TWO));

    // Extra work required to make GWT happy.
    long value = IntMath.MAX_SIGNED_POWER_OF_TWO * 2L;
    assertFalse(IntMath.isPowerOfTwo((int) value));
  }

  public void testCeilingPowerOfTwo() {
    for (int x : POSITIVE_INTEGER_CANDIDATES) {

 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 */
public class SetContainsBenchmark {
  // Start at 4.88 then multiply by 2*2^phi <evil cackle> - The goal is be uniform
  // yet visit a variety of "values-relative-to-the-next-power-of-2"
  @Param({"5", "30", "180", "1100", "6900", "43000", "260000"}) // "1600000", "9800000"
  private int size;

  // TODO(kevinb): look at exact (==) hits vs. equals() hits?
  @Param({"0.2", "0.8"})