t.Errorf("errors happened when query first: %v", err)
		} else {
			CheckUser(t, first, users[0])
		}
	})

	t.Run("Last", func(t *testing.T) {
		var last User
		if err := DB.Where("name = ?", "find").Last(&last).Error; err != nil {
			t.Errorf("errors happened when query last: %v", err)
		} else {
			CheckUser(t, last, users[2])
		}
	})

	var all []User

Like in:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems
```

But `item-query` is not a valid Python variable name.

The closest would be `item_query`.

But you still need it to be exactly `item-query`...

Then you can declare an `alias`, and that alias is what will be used to find the parameter value:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"

from typing import List

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
def read_items(q: List[int] = Query(default=None)):
    return {"q": q}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_multi_query():
    response = client.get("/items/?q=5&q=6")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

q: Union[str, None] = None
```

Но у нас query-параметр определён как `Query`. Например:

=== "Annotated"

    ```Python
    q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)] = None
    ```

=== "без Annotated"

    ```Python
    q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3)
    ```

    ```Python hl_lines="11"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_py310.py!}
    ```

## 📛 🔢

🌈 👈 👆 💚 🔢 `item-query`.

💖:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems
```

✋️ `item-query` 🚫 ☑ 🐍 🔢 📛.

🔐 🔜 `item_query`.

✋️ 👆 💪 ⚫️ ⚫️❔ `item-query`...

⤴️ 👆 💪 📣 `alias`, & 👈 📛 ⚫️❔ 🔜 ⚙️ 🔎 🔢 💲:

Wie in:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems
```

Aber `item-query` ist kein gültiger Name für eine Variable in Python.

Am ähnlichsten wäre `item_query`.

Aber Sie möchten dennoch exakt `item-query` verwenden.

Dann können Sie einen `alias` deklarieren, und dieser Alias wird verwendet, um den Parameter-Wert zu finden:

=== "Python 3.10+"

{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!}
```

## 使用 `Query` 作为默认值

现在，将 `Query` 用作查询参数的默认值，并将它的 `max_length` 参数设置为 50：

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!}
```

由于我们必须用 `Query(default=None)` 替换默认值 `None`，`Query` 的第一个参数同样也是用于定义默认值。

所以：

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None)
```

...使得参数可选，等同于：

```Python

    bazel version  # Start the bazel server
}

# Do a bazel query specifically for the licenses checker. It searches for
# targets matching the provided query, which start with // or @ but not
# //tensorflow (so it looks for //third_party, //external, etc.), and then
# gathers the list of all packages (i.e. directories) which contain those
# targets.
license_query() {
 bazel cquery --experimental_cc_shared_library "$1" --keep_going \

    return item_id


@app.get("/query")
def get_query(query):
    return f"foo bar {query}"


@app.get("/query/optional")
def get_query_optional(query=None):
    if query is None:
        return "foo bar"
    return f"foo bar {query}"


@app.get("/query/int")
def get_query_type(query: int):
    return f"foo bar {query}"


@app.get("/query/int/optional")

@needs_py39
def test_query_params_str_validations_item_query_fixedquery(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/", params={"item-query": "fixedquery"})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}],
        "q": "fixedquery",
    }


@needs_py39
def test_query_params_str_validations_q_fixedquery(client: TestClient):