},
		{
			name: "INNER JOIN",
			join: clause.Join{
				Type:  clause.InnerJoin,
				Table: clause.Table{Name: "user"},
				ON: clause.Where{
					Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.Eq{clause.Column{Table: "user_info", Name: "user_id"}, clause.PrimaryColumn}},
				},
			},
			sql: "INNER JOIN `user` ON `user_info`.`user_id` = `users`.`id`",
		},
		{
			name: "CROSS JOIN",

	type (
		Level0 struct {
			ID       uint
			Value    string
			Level1ID uint
		}
		Level1 struct {
			ID         uint
			Value      string
			Level2ID   *uint
			Level2_1ID *uint
			Level0s    []Level0 `json:",omitempty"`
		}
		Level2 struct {
			ID       uint
			Level1s  []Level1
			Level3ID uint
		}
		Level2_1 struct {
			ID       uint

	DB.Model(&Product5{}).Create(&p)

	err := DB.Model(&Product5{}).Where("id", p.ID).Update("name", "update_name_1").Error
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("should update success, but got err %v", err)
	}
	if beforeUpdateCall != 1 {
		t.Fatalf("before update should be called")
	}

	err = DB.Model(Product5{}).Where("id", p.ID).Update("name", "update_name_2").Error
	if !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrInvalidValue) {

	var user2 User
	DB.Preload("Company").Preload("Manager").Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
	CheckUser(t, user2, user)

	user.Company.Name += "new"
	user.Manager.Name += "new"
	if err := DB.Save(&user).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("errors happened when update: %v", err)
	}

	var user3 User
	DB.Preload("Company").Preload("Manager").Find(&user3, "id = ?", user.ID)
	CheckUser(t, user2, user3)

	}

	var maxId int64
	userTable := func(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
		return db.WithContext(context.Background()).Table("users")
	}
	if err := DB.Scopes(userTable).Select("max(id)").Scan(&maxId).Error; err != nil {
		t.Errorf("select max(id)")
	}
}

func TestComplexScopes(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name     string
		queryFn  func(tx *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB
		expected string
	}{
		{
			name: "depth_1",

	}
	return
}

// Joins specify Joins conditions
//
//	db.Joins("Account").Find(&user)
//	db.Joins("JOIN emails ON emails.user_id = users.id AND emails.email = ?", "******@****.***").Find(&user)
//	db.Joins("Account", DB.Select("id").Where("user_id = users.id AND name = ?", "someName").Model(&Account{}))
func (db *DB) Joins(query string, args ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {
	return joins(db, clause.LeftJoin, query, args...)

		"PFAndESI":                  "pf_and_esi",
		"AbcAndJkl":                 "abc_and_jkl",
		"EmployeeID":                "employee_id",
		"SKU_ID":                    "sku_id",
		"FieldX":                    "field_x",
		"HTTPAndSMTP":               "http_and_smtp",
		"HTTPServerHandlerForURLID": "http_server_handler_for_url_id",
		"UUID":                      "uuid",
		"HTTPURL":                   "http_url",
		"HTTP_URL":                  "http_url",

		t.Fatalf("no view should be created, got %v", err)
	}

	query := DB.Model(&User{}).
		Select("users.id as users_id, users.name as users_name, pets.id as pets_id, pets.name as pets_name").
		Joins("inner join pets on pets.user_id = users.id")

	if err := DB.Migrator().CreateView("users_pets", gorm.ViewOption{Query: query}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to crate view, got %v", err)
	}

package gorm

import "time"

// Model a basic GoLang struct which includes the following fields: ID, CreatedAt, UpdatedAt, DeletedAt
// It may be embedded into your model or you may build your own model without it
//
//	type User struct {
//	  gorm.Model
//	}
type Model struct {
	ID        uint `gorm:"primarykey"`
	CreatedAt time.Time
	UpdatedAt time.Time
	DeletedAt DeletedAt `gorm:"index"`

func TestCustomizeColumn(t *testing.T) {
	type CustomizeColumn struct {
		ID   int64      `gorm:"column:mapped_id; primary_key:yes"`
		Name string     `gorm:"column:mapped_name"`
		Date *time.Time `gorm:"column:mapped_time"`
	}

	DB.Migrator().DropTable(&CustomizeColumn{})
	DB.AutoMigrate(&CustomizeColumn{})

	expected := "foo"
	now := time.Now()
	cc := CustomizeColumn{ID: 666, Name: expected, Date: &now}