You can import them from `fastapi.security`:

```python
from fastapi.security import (
    APIKeyCookie,
    APIKeyHeader,
    APIKeyQuery,
    HTTPAuthorizationCredentials,
    HTTPBasic,
    HTTPBasicCredentials,
    HTTPBearer,
    HTTPDigest,

OpenAPI defines the following security schemes:

* `apiKey`: an application specific key that can come from:
    * A query parameter.
    * A header.
    * A cookie.
* `http`: standard HTTP authentication systems, including:
    * `bearer`: a header `Authorization` with a value of `Bearer ` plus a token. This is inherited from OAuth2.
    * HTTP Basic authentication.
    * HTTP Digest, etc.

## 範例升級

現在繼續修改 `main.py` 檔案，來接收一個帶有 body 的 `PUT` 請求。

我們使用 Pydantic 來使用標準的 Python 型別聲明請求。

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")

## 예제 심화

이제 `PUT` 요청에 있는 본문(Body)을 받기 위해 `main.py`를 수정해봅시다.

Pydantic을 이용해 파이썬 표준 타입으로 본문을 선언합니다.

```Python hl_lines="4  9 10 11 12  25 26 27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")

Bây giờ sửa tệp tin `main.py` để nhận body từ một request `PUT`.

Định nghĩa của body sử dụng kiểu dữ liệu chuẩn của Python, cảm ơn Pydantic.

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")

Agora modifique o arquivo `main.py` para receber um corpo para uma requisição `PUT`.

Declare o corpo utilizando tipos padrão Python, graças ao Pydantic.

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool] = None


@app.get("/")

Pydantic sayəsində standart Python tiplərindən istifadə edərək <abbr title="Gövdə: Body ">gövdə</abbr>ni müəyyən edək.

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")

!!! tip
    You'll see what other "things", apart from functions, can be used as dependencies in the next chapter.

Whenever a new request arrives, **FastAPI** will take care of:

* Calling your dependency ("dependable") function with the correct parameters.
* Get the result from your function.
* Assign that result to the parameter in your *path operation function*.

```mermaid

Ní báyìí, ṣe ìkéde kókó èsì API nínú kóòdù rẹ nipa lílo àwọn ìtọ́kasí àmì irúfẹ́ Python, ọpẹ́ pàtàkìsi sí Pydantic.

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")

## アップグレード例

`PUT`リクエストからボディを受け取るために`main.py`を修正しましょう。

Pydantic によって、Python の標準的な型を使ってボディを宣言します。

```Python hl_lines="2  7 8 9 10  23 24 25"
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: bool = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():