try {
      Preconditions.checkElementIndex(1, 1);
      fail();
    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
      assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("index (1) must be less than size (1)");
    }
  }

  public void testCheckElementIndex_withDesc_negative() {
    try {
      Preconditions.checkElementIndex(-1, 1, "foo");
      fail();

  @CheckForNull
  public abstract C next(C value);

  /**
   * Returns the unique greatest value of type {@code C} that is less than {@code value}, or {@code
   * null} if none exists. Inverse operation to {@link #next}.
   *
   * @param value any value of type {@code C}
   * @return the greatest value less than {@code value}, or {@code null} if {@code value} is {@code
   *     minValue()}
   */
  @CheckForNull

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Tests that the different algorithms benchmarked in {@link QuantilesBenchmark} are actually all
 * returning more-or-less the same answers.
 */
public class QuantilesAlgorithmTest extends TestCase {

  private static final Random RNG = new Random(82674067L);
  private static final int DATASET_SIZE = 1000;

   * Math#min(float, float)}.
   *
   * @param array a <i>nonempty</i> array of {@code float} values
   * @return the value present in {@code array} that is less than or equal to every other value in
   *     the array
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code array} is empty
   */
  @GwtIncompatible(

   * state hurts system maintainability and testability. In cases when you have no choice while
   * interoperating with a legacy framework, this method helps to keep the code less ugly.
   *
   * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError if an exception is thrown during initialization of a class
   */
  public static void initialize(Class<?>... classes) {
    for (Class<?> clazz : classes) {
      try {

    }
    return tmp;
  }

  private static long random() {
    return RANDOM_SOURCE.nextLong();
  }

  // A random value that cannot be 0 and that is unsigned-less-than or equal
  // to the given dividend, so that we don't have half of our divisions being
  // trivial because the divisor is bigger than the dividend.

   *
   * @param a the first unsigned {@code int} to compare
   * @param b the second unsigned {@code int} to compare
   * @return a negative value if {@code a} is less than {@code b}; a positive value if {@code a} is
   *     greater than {@code b}; or zero if they are equal
   */
  public static int compare(int a, int b) {
    return Ints.compare(flip(a), flip(b));
  }

  /**

      throw new ArithmeticException("ceilingPowerOfTwo(" + x + ") not representable as an int");
    }
    return 1 << -Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(x - 1);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the largest power of two less than or equal to {@code x}. This is equivalent to {@code
   * checkedPow(2, log2(x, FLOOR))}.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code x <= 0}
   * @since 20.0
   */
  public static int floorPowerOfTwo(int x) {

   * because it is seen as having the value of positive {@code 129}.
   *
   * @param a the first {@code byte} to compare
   * @param b the second {@code byte} to compare
   * @return a negative value if {@code a} is less than {@code b}; a positive value if {@code a} is
   *     greater than {@code b}; or zero if they are equal
   */
  public static int compare(byte a, byte b) {
    return toInt(a) - toInt(b);
  }

  /**

      }
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return 0;
    }
  }

  static class BadEquals {

    public BadEquals() {} // ignored by testEquals() since it has less parameters.

    public static BadEquals create(@SuppressWarnings("unused") @Nullable String s) {
      return new BadEquals();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {