Model model, Model grad_model, AbstractContext* ctx,
    absl::Span<AbstractTensorHandle* const> inputs, bool use_function,
    double abs_error) {
  auto num_inputs = inputs.size();
  std::vector<AbstractTensorHandle*> outputs(num_inputs);
  auto s = RunModel(grad_model, ctx, inputs, absl::MakeSpan(outputs),
                    /*use_function=*/use_function);
  ASSERT_EQ(errors::OK, s.code()) << s.message();

#include "tensorflow/c/tf_status_helper.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/env.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/path.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/types.h"

struct TF_StringStream {
  std::vector<::tensorflow::string>* list;
  size_t position;
};

void TF_CreateDir(const char* dirname, TF_Status* status) {
  TF_SetStatus(status, TF_OK, "");
  ::tensorflow::Set_TF_Status_from_Status(

    std::vector<TF_Output> out;
    for (auto op : ops) {
      out.push_back({op, 0});
    }
    return out;
  }

  void Define(int num_opers, const std::vector<TF_Operation*>& opers,
              const std::vector<TF_Operation*>& inputs,
              const std::vector<TF_Operation*>& outputs,
              const std::vector<string>& output_names,
              bool expect_failure = false) {

#include "tensorflow/c/experimental/grappler/grappler.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <vector>

#include "absl/status/status.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/c_api_macros.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/experimental/grappler/grappler_internal.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/tf_buffer.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/tf_buffer_internal.h"

// original framework of destruction, and this context will be deleted also.
struct TfDlManagedTensorCtx {
  TensorReference reference;
  std::vector<int64_t> shape;
  std::vector<int64_t> strides;
  DLManagedTensor tensor;

  explicit TfDlManagedTensorCtx(const TensorReference& ref) : reference(ref) {}
};

// Gets tensor from eager tensor handle.

            new TestStringListGenerator() {
              @Override
              protected List<String> create(String[] elements) {
                return new Vector<>(MinimalCollection.of(elements));
              }
            })
        .named("Vector")
        .withFeatures(
            ListFeature.GENERAL_PURPOSE,
            CollectionFeature.ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES,

  virtual bool UsesTFRT() = 0;

  // List attributes of available devices
  virtual void ListDevices(std::vector<DeviceAttributes>* devices) = 0;

  // Add `devices` into context's device manager. Context's device manager
  // will take ownership and maintain devices' lifetime.
  virtual Status AddDevices(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Device>> devices) = 0;

  // Block until all pending nodes are finished.

using tensorflow::TF_StatusPtr;

Status IdentityNModel(AbstractContext* ctx,
                      absl::Span<AbstractTensorHandle* const> inputs,
                      absl::Span<AbstractTensorHandle*> outputs) {
  std::vector<AbstractTensorHandle*> temp_outputs(2);
  TF_RETURN_IF_ERROR(
      ops::IdentityN(ctx, inputs, absl::MakeSpan(temp_outputs), "IdentityN"));
  // Although, `ops::IdentityN` returns 2 tensors, the first tensor isn't needed

#include "tensorflow/core/platform/errors.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/test.h"

namespace tensorflow {
namespace gradients {
namespace internal {
namespace {
using std::vector;
using tensorflow::TF_StatusPtr;
using tracing::TracingOperation;

class CppGradients
    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<const char*, bool, bool>> {
 protected:
  void SetUp() override {

limitations under the License.
==============================================================================*/

#include <memory>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/c_api.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/eager/abstract_context.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/eager/c_api_internal.h"